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Manifolds, the higher-dimensional analogs of smooth curves and surfaces, are fundamental objects in modern mathematics. Combining aspects of algebra, topology, and analysis, manifolds have also been applied to classical mechanics, general relativity, and quantum field theory. In this streamlined introduction to the subject, the theory of manifolds is presented with the aim of helping the reader achieve a rapid mastery of the essential topics. By the end of the book the reader should be able to compute, at least for simple spaces, one of the most basic topological invariants of a manifold, its de Rham cohomology. Along the way, the reader acquires the knowledge and skills necessary for furthe...
This book introduces the reader to the two main directions of one-dimensional dynamics. The first has its roots in the Sharkovskii theorem, which describes the possible sets of periods of all cycles (periodic orbits) of a continuous map of an interval into itself. The whole theory, which was developed based on this theorem, deals mainly with combinatorial objects, permutations, graphs, etc.; it is called combinatorial dynamics. The second direction has its main objective in measuring the complexity of a system, or the degree of “chaos” present in it; for that the topological entropy is used. The book analyzes the combinatorial dynamics and topological entropy for the continuous maps of either an interval or the circle into itself.
The study of the mapping class group Mod(S) is a classical topic that is experiencing a renaissance. It lies at the juncture of geometry, topology, and group theory. This book explains as many important theorems, examples, and techniques as possible, quickly and directly, while at the same time giving full details and keeping the text nearly self-contained. The book is suitable for graduate students. A Primer on Mapping Class Groups begins by explaining the main group-theoretical properties of Mod(S), from finite generation by Dehn twists and low-dimensional homology to the Dehn-Nielsen-Baer theorem. Along the way, central objects and tools are introduced, such as the Birman exact sequence, the complex of curves, the braid group, the symplectic representation, and the Torelli group. The book then introduces Teichmüller space and its geometry, and uses the action of Mod(S) on it to prove the Nielsen-Thurston classification of surface homeomorphisms. Topics include the topology of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces, the connection with surface bundles, pseudo-Anosov theory, and Thurston's approach to the classification.
This work studies abelian branched coverings of smooth complex projective surfaces from the topological viewpoint. Geometric information about the coverings (such as the first Betti numbers of a smooth model or intersections of embedded curves) is related to topological and combinatorial information about the base space and branch locus. Special attention is given to examples in which the base space is the complex projective plane and the branch locus is a configuration of lines.
This book provided the first self-contained comprehensive exposition of the theory of dynamical systems as a core mathematical discipline closely intertwined with most of the main areas of mathematics. The authors introduce and rigorously develop the theory while providing researchers interested in applications with fundamental tools and paradigms. The book begins with a discussion of several elementary but fundamental examples. These are used to formulate a program for the general study of asymptotic properties and to introduce the principal theoretical concepts and methods. The main theme of the second part of the book is the interplay between local analysis near individual orbits and the global complexity of the orbit structure. The third and fourth parts develop the theories of low-dimensional dynamical systems and hyperbolic dynamical systems in depth. Over 400 systematic exercises are included in the text. The book is aimed at students and researchers in mathematics at all levels from advanced undergraduate up.
This paper investigates the question of linkage and block theory for Lie algebras of Cartan type. The second part of the paper deals mainly with block structure and projective modules of Lies algebras of types W and K.
This memoir is devoted to the case of constant mean curvature surfaces immersed in [bold]R3. We reduce this geometrical problem to finding certain integrable solutions to the Gauss equation. Many new and interesting examples are presented, including immersed cylinders in [bold]R3 with embedded Delaunay ends and [italic]n-lobes in the middle, and one-parameter families of immersed constant mean curvature tori in [bold]R3. We examine minimal surfaces in hyperbolic three-space, which is in some ways the most complicated case.
World Scientific series in Applicable Analysis (WSSIAA) aims at reporting new developments of high mathematical standard and current interest. Each volume in the series shall be devoted to the mathematical analysis that has been applied or potentially applicable to the solutions of scientific, engineering, and social problems. For the past twenty five years, there has been an explosion of interest in the study of nonlinear dynamical systems. Mathematical techniques developed during this period have been applied to important nonlinear problems ranging from physics and chemistry to ecology and economics. All these developments have made dynamical systems theory an important and attractive bran...
To many outsiders, mathematicians appear to think like computers, grimly grinding away with a strict formal logic and moving methodically--even algorithmically--from one black-and-white deduction to another. Yet mathematicians often describe their most important breakthroughs as creative, intuitive responses to ambiguity, contradiction, and paradox. A unique examination of this less-familiar aspect of mathematics, How Mathematicians Think reveals that mathematics is a profoundly creative activity and not just a body of formalized rules and results. Nonlogical qualities, William Byers shows, play an essential role in mathematics. Ambiguities, contradictions, and paradoxes can arise when ideas...
There are three chapters to the memoir. The first defines and develops the notion of the index of a graph. The next chapter presents the general application of the graph index to knot theory. The last section is devoted to particular examples, such as determining the braid index of alternating pretzel links. A second result shows that for an alternating knot with Alexander polynomial having leading coefficient less than 4 in absolute value, the braid index is determined by polynomial invariants.