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With the emergence of Systems Biology, there is a greater realization that the whole behavior of a living system may not be simply described as the sum of its elements. To represent a living system using mathematical principles, practical quantities with units are required. Quantities are not only the bridge between mathematical description and biological observations; they often stand as essential elements similar to genome information in genetics. This important realization has greatly rejuvenated research in the area of Quantitative Biology. Because of the increased need for precise quantification, a new era of technological development has opened. For example, spatio-temporal high-resolu...
Powerful analytical tools from statistical physics, guided by field observations are applied to spread of epidemics and movement ecology.
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes are ubiquitous in the genomes of all vertebrates so far studied. The human ABC transporter superfamily contains 48 genes, subdivided into 7 subfamilies ranging from A to G (based on sequence homology of their nucleotide binding domains). The ABC proteins encoded by these genes are ATP-driven transmembrane pumps, some of which possess the capacity to efflux harmful toxic substances and therefore play a key role in xenobiotic defense. ABC proteins have been evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans and multiple gene duplication and deletion events in the ABC genes indicate that the process of gene evolution is still ongoing. Polymorphisms...
In biology, signal transduction is the transmission of information into and within the cell. Signal transduction events within a cell are often initiated from an extracellular cue. Current knowledge suggests that there are far fewer intracellular second messengers than extracellular cues. This means that a conserved core set of second messengers, including ions, small nucleotides, and lipids must be coordinated to pass the information from their point of origin to their audience receptors effectively. In many cases, signal transduction involves significant amplification. One of the best-understood and ubiquitous second messengers is ionic calcium (Ca2+). The knowledge surrounding the coding ...
Cellular domains play vital roles in a wide range of cellular functions. Defining cellular domains and understanding the molecular basis of their formation is essential to the study of cell functionality. This authoritative reference provides the most comprehensive analysis available on cellular domains, with emphasis on the definition and molecular composition of the domain as well as the functional implications of domain organization.
This book provides a graduate-level introduction to three powerful and closely related techniques in condensed matter physics: memory functions, projection operators, and the defect technique. Memory functions appear in the formalism of the generalized master equations that express the time evolution of probabilities via equations non-local in time, projection operators allow the extraction of parts of quantities, such as the diagonal parts of density matrices in statistical mechanics, and the defect technique allows solution of transport equations in which the translational invariance is broken in small regions, such as when crystals are doped with impurities. These three methods combined f...
Toplumumuzun kanayan yarası olan gençlere bir nefes olabilecek, zihinlerindeki boşluğu doldurabilecek bir eseri takdim ediyoruz. Eserde tarihimize ışık tutan, kültürel mirasımızın öncüleri olan lider insanlarımızın yaşantılarından kesitler barındırıyor. Bu eser gençliğe doğru davranışı öğütleyecek, hayatının her alanında önder olacaktır. Keyifli okumalar!
Aklın reddettiği, kalbin ise delice istediği bir aşkın kapısındaydı Ela ve Siyah... Çaresizliklerin onları getirdiği konuma şaşırdı ikisi de. Yola çıktıkların da ki asıl emanet ile şimdiki emanet tamamen farklıydı. "Emanet neydi, biliyor musun Ela?" diye sordu Siyah. "Neydi?”dedi Ela, merakla. "Emanet, aşktı... Ve sen o emaneti, yüreğinin en güzel köşesinde yıllarca sakladın" diye cevap verdi Siyah. "Sakladım" dedi Ela ve devam etti. "Hiç kimsenin ulaşamayacağı kadar derine sakladım" Siyah, Ela 'ya karıştı ve döktü içindekileri... "Aşkı geri ver Ela. Aşkı geri ver ki, seni aşka bulayayım. Aşkı geri ver ki, ömrümce yüreğimde taşıyayım. Emanet'imi geri ver ki, yeniden Ela'nın Siyah 7 olayım."