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This book focuses on the lung cancer, which is the mostly encountered, and one of the most challenging malignant disease of the world. Worldwide, the annual number of new cases of lung cancer is estimated at more than one million and is expected to increase to ten million in 2025. Fortunately, the political efforts to reduce the use of tobacco are getting increasing attention in many countries and the statistics are now showing the first positive results. Over the last decade there have been several improvements and changes in the lung cancer management. Among the epidemiologic changes we see a change in the histopathologic pattern, with a relative decrease in squamous cell carcinoma and a r...
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Addressing physical and psychosocial matters of survivorship prior to, during, and after anticancer treatment is central to a patient’s wellbeing. The MASCC Textbook of Cancer Supportive Care and Survivorship explores not only the diagnosis and treatment but also the increasingly recognized complex and ongoing symptoms experienced by long term cancer survivors. Significant advances have been made, designing strategies to manage the side effects and symptoms of treatment and to prevent them from occurring, maximizing the person’s ability to pursue daily activities. The MASCC Textbook of Cancer Supportive Care and Survivorship assembles international, multidisciplinary experts who focus on a comprehensive range of symptoms and side effects associated with cancer and its treatment. Intended for health professionals involved with cancer care, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, general practitioners, nurses and allied health workers, this textbook provides current information on the management and prevention of cancer related side effects, referring to up-to-date sources that are useful for conducting further research.
Biological markers (biomarkers) are useful tools for understanding the nature and extent of human exposure and risk from environmental toxicants. Biomarkers are classified into three basic categories: exposure, effect, or susceptibility. A marker of exposure is the product of the interaction between a target cell or molecule and a foreign substance (NAS, 1989). These markers can be used to determine the biologically effective dose necessary to elicit a particular physiological change in an organism. A marker of effect is a biochemical or physiological change in an organism that can predict the onset of adverse health effects resulting from a given exposure. Lastly, markers of susceptibility ...