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Fixed Capital Adjustment
This paper examines capital adjustment patterns using two large and largely novel data sets from the manufacturing sectors of Colombia and Mexico. The findings show that investment patterns in these countries resemble those reported for the United States to a surprising extent. Capital adjustments beyond maintenance investment occur only rarely, but large spikes account for a significant fraction of total investment. Although duration models do not provide strong evidence for the presence of substantial fixed costs, nonparametric adjustment function estimates reveal the presence of irreversibilities in investment. These irreversibilities are important for understanding aggregate investment behavior.
The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007
This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals.
Microeconometrics of International Trade
This volume brings together two comprehensive survey studies of the literature on the microeconometrics of international trade. The chapters apply new empirical methods to the analysis of the links between international trade and various dimensions of firm performance such as productivity, profitability, wages, and survival. The studies also include report results for Germany, one of the leading actors on the world markets for goods and services. Contents:Survey Papers:Exports and Productivity: A Survey of the Evidence from Firm Level Data (Joachim Wagner)International Trade and Firm Performance: A Survey of Empirical Studies Since 2006 (Joachim Wagner)Characteristics of Exporting and Import...
Protection and Training
Unemployment, of the involuntary type, results from changes in labour demand structure or from cyclical fluctuations in the economy. Structural changes often come about as a natural consequence of economic growth where the sources of growth shift from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors.
Asia-Pacific Economies After the Global Financial Crisis
Although the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 was the worst economic crisis in over 60 years for many industrial countries, most Asian and Pacific developing countries weathered it quite successfully. The resilience of the region is somewhat puzzling at first sight. In an increasingly globalized world, aren't economic shocks supposed to be transmitted faster and farther than ever before? The purpose of the book is to understand why countries in the region were significantly less affected by the crisis than the world's most advanced economies of Europe and the United States, and what are the main lessons from their experience for building resilience from future crises.
Learning-by-doing, Learning-by-exporting, and Productivity
"The empirical evidence on whether participation in export markets increases plant-level productivity has been inconclusive so far. The authors explain this inconclusiveness by drawing on Arrow's (1962) characterization of learning-by-doing, which suggests focusing on young plants and using measures of export experience rather than export participation. They find strong evidence of learning-by-exporting for young Colombian manufacturing plants between 1981 and 1991: total factor productivity increases 4-5 percent for each additional year a plant has exported, after controlling for the effect of current exports on total factor productivity. Learning-by-exporting is more important for young than for old plants and in industries that deliver a larger percentage of their exports to high-income countries. "--World Bank web site.
Macroeconomic Policies and Poverty
In this volume, world-renowned contributors, including Martin Ravallion, Michael Kremer and Robert Townsend, deal with the institutional characteristics of poverty resulting from the time pattern of aid, the nature of financial systems and the political economy of budgetary decisions. Going beyond the traditional literature on poverty, this original book deals with themes of broad interest to both scholars and policymakers in a clear yet technically sophisticated manner. Departing from conventional methods employed in poverty studies, these innovative essays enquire into the institutional characteristics of poverty, and using current case studies, they examine the crucial idea that periods of crises seriously affect poverty.
Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2003
The Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics (ABCDE) brings together the world's leading scholars and development practitioners for a lively debate on state-of-the-art thinking in development policy and the implications for the global economy.The ABCDE is a forum for discussion and debate of important policy issues facing developing countries. The conferences emphasize the contribution that empirical and basic economic research can make to understanding development processes and to formulating sound development policies.The 14th conference addressed four timely and important themes in development: trade and poverty, Africa's future in terms of industrial and/or agricultural development, education and empowerment, and investment climate and productivity. This book is a collection of conference papers from this forum, written by researchers in and outside the World Bank.
The Political Economy of Uneven Rural Development
The book shows how class relations develop and is a consequence of capitalist development of the rural non-agricultural/non-farm sector (RNFS)---seen as the dialectical relation between the forces and relations of production---as mediated by the state, which produces uneven social and spatial outcomes. Central to the framework for this book are four inter-related conceptual building blocks or themes: social relations of production, productive forces, role of the state and concrete development outcomes of capitalist production in RNFS in the context of class and non-class relations of oppressions. These four conceptual themes follow a logical sequence where each concept evolve in specific contexts within the RNFS; while connected to each other in a dialectical manner; and come together to form the central argument of the book.
Informal Sector
Study with reference to Orissa, India.
