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The Crusades [4 volumes]
The first multivolume encyclopedia to document the history of one of the most influential religious movements of the Middle Ages—the Crusades. The Crusades: An Encyclopedia surveys all aspects of the crusading movement from its origins in the 11th century to its decline in the 16th century. Unlike other works, which focus on the eastern Mediterranean region, this expansive four-volume encyclopedia also includes the struggle of Christendom against its enemies in Iberia, Eastern Europe, and the Baltic region, and also covers the military orders, crusades against fellow Christians, heretics, and more. This work includes comprehensive entries on personalities such as Godfrey of Bouillon, who refused the title "King of Jerusalem," and St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who tore up his own clothing to make symbols of the cross for crusaders, as well as key events, countries, places, and themes that shed light on everything from the propaganda that inspired crusading warriors to the ways in which they fought. Special coverage of topics such as taxation, pilgrimage, warfare, chivalry, and religious orders give readers an appreciation of the multifaceted nature of these "holy wars."
Lithuania on the Map
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Painted in Words
At my first sight of a painting by Samuel Bak, I had the keen sense that he was telling me stories with his brush. Now that at long last he has written this book, I find it no wonder that he has painted with his pen.... Among the tens and hundreds of books I have read about the pre-Shoah and post-Shoah period... Bak’s book is unique. Despite being suffused with a sense of loss, horror, degradation, and death, it is ultimately a sanguine, funny book, full of the love of life, rocking with an almost cathartic joy. At times I found myself bursting out laughing... a marvelous ode, a colorful hymn to the forces of life, love, creation, and the joys of the senses. —From the Foreword by Amos Oz...
Foreword to The Past
Over time at least four meanings have been attributed to the term 'Baltic' - drawing on thirty years of extensive research, Foreword to the Past is the first modern introduction to the enigma of the Baltic origins and the self-identification of the Baltic people. The book is divided into three distinctive parts: the first part recounts the history of the Baltic peoples relying on archaeological sources; the second part provides an objective linguistic history and a description of the Baltic languages; the third part provides an original and fresh insight into mythology in the ancient history of the Baltic peoples.
The Prussian Crusade
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The Litvaks
Lithuania was home to the great yeshivot of Jewish learning, as well as nationalistic movements such as Hovevei Zion, the Bund, and the Mizrachi. The 20th century saw the establishment of a modern Hebrew Zionist educational system in the period between the two world wars.This volume includes special features such as a bibliography in seven languages, a lexicon of place names in both official modern transcription and the traditional spelling used by Jewish residents; statistical tables; facsimiles of documents, and unique photographs many of which appear in print for the first time.
About Lithuania
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The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941-1944
A history of the Holocaust in Latvia, focusing on the question of the involvement of Latvians in its implementation. Contends that extant historiography on the Holocaust in Latvia has been greatly influenced by Soviet publications, which tend to vilify the Baltic and Ukrainian peoples. Examination of documents and witnesses' accounts shows that there were no "spontaneous killing actions" on the part of Latvians during the occupation - the killing was initiated and basically perpetrated by the Nazis, mainly by Einsatzgruppe A. Before the war, traditional antisemitism was prevalent in Latvia, but not modern racist theories. The regime of Ulmanis (1934-40) was not antisemitic. The main antisemi...
Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon
This publication is the first etymological dictionary of the entire Hittite lexicon of Indo-European origin. Furthermore it provides a thorough description of the synchronic phonological system of Hittite as well as a comprehensive study of the Hittite historical phonology.
