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Molecular epidemiology has recently broaden its focuses due to the development of molecular tools but also by incorporating advances of other fields such as mathematical epidemiology, molecular ecology, population genetics and evolution. Facing new risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that are threats for humans and their livestock, the objectives of molecular epidemiology include: - the development of molecular tools, genotyping and gene expression - the incorporation of concepts and results of population genetics of infectious diseases - the integration of recent advances in theoretical epidemiology and evolutionary ecology of diseases - a better understanding of transmiss...
The vulnerability of socio-ecosystem combines the probability of exposure to natural or anthropogenic pressure, sensitivity and resilience. This book presents a systemic view of the diversity of pressures and impacts produced by climate change and human actions. Erosion of biodiversity by changing ocean chemistry, the intensification of global change raises the problem of the adaptation of living resources.
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Antimicrobial Agents and Intracellular Pathogens is the first book devoted to the relationships among intracellular pathogens, antibiotics, and cells. The book is divided into two sections. Part One describes the effects of antibiotics on uninfected and infected phagocytic cells, the subcellular location of antibiotic compounds, the subcellular compartment of intracellular microorganisms multiplication, and the vectorization of antibiotics. Part Two focuses on intracellular pathogens used as paradigms, including strict intracellular bacteria and antibiotics such as Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Coxiella burnetii; facultative intracellular bacteria and antibiotics such as Legionella and Mycobacteria; and intracellular protozoa and antimicrobial agents, such as Leishmania, Trypnonosoma, and Toxoplasma. This book will be an important reference for microbiologists, clinical microbiologists, infectious disease experts, and researchers in pharmaceutical companies involved in antibiotic development.
This technical brief provides information to inform Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and wastewater elements within multi-sectoral antimicrobial resistance (AMR) national action plans (NAPs). It includes a summary of evidence and the co-benefits rationale for action in each sector and presents a menu of actions for consideration and refinement in each country context. The technical brief also identifies sector specific policy options and to additional information, including knowledge gaps and research needs, as well as additional technical resources to support planning and implementation.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are among the most common non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). The treatment of infections caused by these bacteria is complicated due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance as the two species are noted for their intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents and their ability to acquire genetic elements that encode for resistance determinants. In both species, resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobial agents can seriously compromise the ability to treat infected patients, especially the immunocompromised. Consequently, very few antimicr...