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The Nationalization of Latvians and the Issue of Serfdom
In the second half of the eighteenth century, an intellectual discourse developed in Livonia which shed light on the disastrous social conditions of the indigenous population. This book examines the premise that the resulting "nationalization" of the Latvians occurred in the 1780s and 1790s as a result of a German Enlightenment in Livonia. It investigates the role that eighteenth-century anthropological, ethnographical, historical, and cultural ideas played in this process of "nationalizing" the Latvians, and focuses on the development of the arguments for agrarian and social change by proponents of reform in Livonia at this time. The work investigates the historical structures and processes...
The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s
Chronicling the emergence of an international society in the 1920s, Daniel Gorman describes how the shock of the First World War gave rise to a broad array of overlapping initiatives in international cooperation. Though national rivalries continued to plague world politics, ordinary citizens and state officials found common causes in politics, religion, culture, and sport with peers beyond their borders. The League of Nations, the turn to a less centralized British Empire, the beginning of an international ecumenical movement, international sporting events, and audacious plans for the abolition of war all signaled internationalism's growth. State actors played an important role in these developments and were aided by international voluntary organizations, church groups, and international networks of academics, athletes, women, pacifists, and humanitarian activists. These international networks became the forerunners of international NGOs and global governance.
François Hemsterhuis, Œuvres philosophiques
This book has been published in open access thanks to the financial support of the Open Access Book Fund of the University of Groningen. François Hemsterhuis (1721-1790) was a Dutch philosopher on the crossroad of Enlightenment, Classicism and Romanticism. He published his treatises in French, with a beautiful lay-out. They were read and discussed immediately, by outstanding philosophers and artists like Diderot, Jacobi, Herder, Goethe, Novalis and Schleiermacher. This critical edition of Hemsterhuis’s OEuvres philosophiques, together with an early German translation, Vermischte philosophische Schriften, published in 1782-1797. François Hemsterhuis (1721-1790) war ein niederländischer P...
Karl Gottlob Sonntag (1765-1827)
Der livländische Generalsuperintendent Karl Gottlob Sonntag (1765-1827) gehört zu den prominenten Gestalten des baltischen Protestantismus in der Zeit des russischen Kaisers Alexander des Ersten. Er war ein Vertreter des theologischen Rationalismus Herderscher Prägung, nicht unumstritten, aber in seiner Geradheit und Wahrhaftigkeit in allen Lagern des politischen und kirchlichen Lebens hoch anerkannt. Auch Pietisten konnten dem souveränen Kulturträger wie demkonsequenten Vertreter einer aufgeklärten Frömmigkeit den Respekt nicht versagen. Er war ein glänzender Prediger, ein beliebter Seelsorger, ein Förderer des „nationalen“ Schulwesens, ein unglaublich produktiver Publizist, ei...
