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The Regional Structure of Hungarian Folk Culture
'This book is about one of the most important questions under investigation both in Hungary and throughout Europe, namely, how and under what effects is traditional popular culture territorially distributed. This work uses new methods and new sources; it is based on the digital elaboration of the biggest and most comprehensive data set of Hungarian ethnological research, the 634 maps of the Atlas of Hungarian Folk Culture. Borsos's interdisciplinary elaboration creates a synthesis in ethnocartography with the help of mathematical, statistical methods and computerised cluster analysis, and thus assures an important leap in the science of ethnography.' Committee of Ethnology, Hungarian Academy...
Reckoning and Framing
It is necessary for every discipline to take stock of its own current state every 20-30 years. Such review helps determine the discipline's path and tasks for the coming decades, and it also facilitates reflection upon the changes and challenges of the scientific and non-scientific world around it. For this purpose, the Committee of Ethnography of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences organized a series of conferences on the current state and the future of ethnography between 2018 and 2020. Those papers of international interest have been translated and are presented in this volume. The first section discusses the dilemmas of ethnography/ethnology as an independent discipline. Articles in the se...
The Szeged School of Ethnology
The first university department of ethnology in Hungary was established in 1929 in the Franz Joseph University of Szeged. This book examines the many stages of the university's history. The first professor was the folklorist Sandor Solymossy (1864-1945). After his retirement the chair was not filled in Szeged from 1934 to 1947. In the 1940s many of the leading representatives of ethnography in Hungary in the 20th century were connected with the school: Gyula Ortutay, Istvan Talasi, Bela Gunda and others. In 1947 Sandor Balint (1904-1980) was appointed to the reorganized chair of ethnography. The totalitarian dictatorship of socialism barely tolerated ethnography which it regarded as a national science, and in 1965 Sandor Balint was condemned in a show trial and forced to retire. Development of the department and the teaching of ethnography did not begin until the time of the change of political system (1989-1990). Full-time training in ethnography, folkloristics and cultural anthropology has been given since 1992/1993.
Exploitation and Overexploitation in Societies Past and Present
Human impact on landscape can be conceptualised in terms of socially governed ecological systems. In the past the adaptive capacity of human cultural systems has been emphasised. Nowadays, a shift can be recognised towards modified views. Resources are discussed as prerequisites for establishing complex human societies. This includes also a more biologically minded view from the standpoint of the humanities. In such a view, human societal complexes can be understood as systems that manage energy and matters. The concept of social-metabolic regimes has developed in such a context. Cultures, as seen within this paradigm, are not undestood merely as autopoietic symbolic entities but as results of an interaction of material prerequisites and emerging social structures. One might dismiss this as an epistemiological shift, part of the play of science with itself. But it remains unsolved so far in terms of evolutionary theory if the ultimate goal of evolution is reproductive sucess or accessi
Exploring the Cultural History of Continental European Freak Shows and ‘Enfreakment’
This collection offers cultural historical analyses of enfreakment and freak shows, examining the social construction and spectacular display of wondrous, monstrous, or curious Otherness in the formerly relatively neglected region of Continental Europe. Forgotten stories are uncovered about freak-show celebrities, medical specimen, and philosophical fantasies presenting the anatomically unusual in a wide range of sites, including curiosity cabinets, anatomical museums, and traveling circus acts. The essays explore the locally specific dimensions of the exhibition of extraordinary bodies within their particular historical, cultural and political context. Thus the impact of the Nazi eugenics p...
Patterns of Inter-ethnic Relations with the Roma in the Carpathian Basin
Almost three decades of anthropological fieldwork on ethnic coexistence situations, completed by the author of the present volume, have revealed that in the multi-ethnic local communities of the Carpathian Basin, Roma-non-Roma coexistence practices are always based on opposition, regardless of whether the latter are Romanians, Saxons, Slovaks, Ukrainians or Hungarians. After presenting the theoretical-methodological framework and historical processes, this book presents patterns of Roma-non-Roma coexistence that emerge through case studies, which can be directly applied in the fight against the exclusion and stigmatisation of the Roma today. Thus, the book discusses two applied anthropology ...
Economies of Favour After Socialism
A volume on the economics of favours and how they function as socially efficacious actions in post-socialist regions including central, eastern, and south eastern Europe; the former Soviet Union; Mongolia; and post-Maoist China.
Visualizing Africa in Nineteenth-Century British Travel Accounts
This study examines and explains how British explorers visualized the African interior in the latter part of the nineteenth century, providing the first sustained analysis of the process by which this visual material was transformed into the illustrations in popular travel books. At that time, central Africa was, effectively, a blank canvas for Europeans, unknown and devoid of visual representations. While previous works have concentrated on exploring the stereotyped nature of printed imagery of Africa, this study examines the actual production process of images and the books in which they were published in order to demonstrate how, why, and by whom the images were manipulated. Thus, the main focus of the work is not on the aesthetic value of pictures, but in the activities, interaction, and situations that gave birth to them in both Africa and Europe.
