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‘Commerce and manufactures gradually introduced order and good government,’ wrote Adam Smith in his Wealth of Nations, ‘and with them, the liberty and security of individuals.’ However, Philipp Robinson Rössner shows how, when looked at in the face of history, it has usually been the other way around. This book follows the development of capitalism from the Middle Ages through the industrial revolution to the modern day, casting new light on the areas where premodern political economies of growth and development made a difference. It shows how order and governance provided the foundation for prosperity, growth and the wealth of nations. Written for scholars and students of economic history, this is a pioneering new study that debunks the neoliberal origin myth of how capitalism came into the world.
The question of whether Britain is "apart from or a part of Europe" (D. Abulafia) has gained significance in recent years. This book reassesses an underexplored field of early modern transnational history: the variety of ways in which connections between Britain and German-speaking Europe shaped developments. After a comprehensive introduction, this book is divided into three parts: cross-border transfers and appropriations of knowledge; coping with alterity in intergovernmental contacts; and ideologising the cultural nation. The topics range from the exchange of religious and political ideas over court life, diplomacy, and espionage to literary and philosophical debates. Particular attentio...
Between 1714 and 1837, the German Chancellery in London was the central administrative institution of the Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and from 1814 Kings of Hanover during their time as British kings to organise their rule in absentia. Such personal unions were widespread in early modern Europe. This book is the first to focus paradigmatically on this most important institution of the personal union between Great Britain and the Electorate of Hanover. It examines the personal union as a space of communication and the functioning of a composite state under George I and George II from 1714 to 1760, focusing on the communication processes between the centres of government as well as their infrastructural, social and legal contexts. The so-called English Chancery in Hanover, which British politics and administration established in return during the kings' numerous extended journeys to their ancestral lands, is used as a level of comparison.
August Friedrich Christoph Kollmann (1756–1829) und seine Schriften waren bei den Zeitgenossen umstritten: Kein geringerer als Charles Burney apostrophierte Kollmanns Kompositionslehre als eine Arbeit von außergewöhnlicher Qualität, wogegen sie Matthew Peter King als verwirrendes ›Spinnennetz-System‹ bezeichnete. Der sich über rund 30 Jahre bis zu Kollmanns Tod erstreckende Streit hatte mehrere Ursachen. Die wohl entscheidende ist sicher die Wahl des Begriffs einer ›Wissenschaft der Musik‹: Auf Basis einer empirischen Methode sowie eines von Kirnberger geprägten erweiterten Harmoniesystems sollten Kollmanns Schriften der Musik und ihrem sich zum Expertenvermittler aufgewertete...
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From the celebrated historian and author of Europe: A History, a new life of George II George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover, came to Britain for the first time when he was thirty-one. He had a terrible relationship with his father, George I, which was later paralleled by his relationship to his own son. He was short-tempered and uncultivated, but in his twenty-three-year reign he presided over a great flourishing in his adoptive country - economic, military and cultural - all described with characteristic wit and elegance by Norman Davies. (George II so admired the Hallelujah chorus in Handel's Messiah that he stood while it was being performed - as modern audiences still do.) Much of his attention remained in Hanover and on continental politics, as a result of which he was the last British monarch to lead his troops into battle, at Dettingen in 1744.
Mit der Krönung von Georg Ludwig, Kurfürst von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Hannover), zum englischen König Georg I. am 31. Oktober 1714 verschoben sich die politischen Kräfteverhältnisse in Europa. Die Personalunion hatte weitreichende Folgen für den Kontinent und den transatlantischen Raum, doch wichtiger noch waren die nun intensiv gegebenen Möglichkeiten eines Kulturtransfers zwischen Großbritannien und dem Kurfürstentum Hannover. Diese vielfältigen kulturellen, sozialen, wissenschaftlichen und ökonomischen Verflechtungen stehen im Zentrum der Beiträge, die immer wieder auf die besondere Bedeutung der Universität Göttingen hinweisen, von der wichtige Impulse für die Personalunion und ihre Kommunikationsnetzwerke ausgingen. Zugleich verdeutlichen die Aufsätze, dass sowohl Großbritannien als auch das Kurfürstentum Hannover aus heterogenen Landesteilen bestanden und dass stets der Kontext des sich wandelnden Europas des 18. Jahrhunderts gesehen werden muss. Der Sammelband beruht auf den Vorträgen, die im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung des Wintersemesters 2013?2014 an der Universität Göttingen gehalten wurden.
This volume focuses on nature, religion and politics - three "environments" of early modernity. Exemplary studies from pietism research, historical disaster studies, interdisciplinary environmental history and the history of transnational connectivity provide close-up insights into a plurality of lifeworlds and environments. Seen as a whole, these perspectives offer a broader understanding of early modern "environments" as material as well as cultural contexts of historical events and experiences, and encourage the crossing of the boundaries between established fields of research.