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Clonality is widespread in plant species, and clonal plants often have a broad geographic range and long lifespan. Clonality can maintain high fitness in the short term, but vegetative reproduction is commonly considered to preclude adaptation to changing conditions. However, an increasing body of empirical and theoretical evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation can provide an alternative to gene-driven evolution through natural selection and allow clonal plants to maintain fitness in the long term. To deepen our understanding of clonal ecology, this collection of research papers and reviews focuses on how epigenetic regulation can encode phenotypic plasticity and contribute to the rapid adaptation of clonal plants to accelerating global and regional environmental changes.
There are few more active frontiers in plant science than helping understand and predict the ecological consequences of on-going, global changes in climate, land use and cover, nutrient cycling, and acidity. This collection of research papers and reviews focuses on how these changes are likely to interact with two important factors, clonal growth in plants and the introduction of species into new regions by humans, to reshape the ecology of our world. Clonal growth is vegetative reproduction in which offspring remain attached to the parent at least until establishment. Clonal growth is associated with the invasiveness of introduced species, their tendency to spread after introduction and negatively affect other species. Will changes in climate, land cover, or nutrients further increase biological invasions by introduced, clonal plants? The articles in this book seek to address this question with new research and theory on clonal growth and its interactions with invasiveness and other components of global change.
One of the three major orthodox internal styles of Chinese martial arts (along with Xing Yi Quan and Tai Ji Quan), Bagua Zhang (or Ba Gua Zhang) is also one of the most ancient and revered. The first volume in a series of two on the form, Liu Bin’s Zhuang Gong Bagua Zhang, Volume One, is written from the perspective of a wise master who gives equal attention to Bagua’s historical evolution and to the art and practice itself. A disciple of famous master Liu Xing Han and one who honed his skills for over 20 years under the same trees in Temple of Heaven Park as the originators of Bagua, Professor Zhang Jie is ideally suited for the task. He presents the fundamental theories of Bagua simply...
Presents the intellectual world of early medieval Sichuan through a critical biography of historian and classicist Qiao Zhou.
This book explores the synthesis, characterization, and applications of graphene and its derivatives. It covers advancements in improving graphene quality, surface engineering methods, and increasing material functionality. The topics covered include functionalized graphene, graphene quantum dots, novel device fabrication approaches, and diverse applications. The book also investigates the fundamental principles of characterizing graphene and its derivatives, along with electronic structures, theoretical investigations, and computational analyses relevant to their applications, synthesis, and properties. The chapters are organized to cover these topics, starting with a general overview of surface chemistry and its concepts for surface engineering of graphene, the fundamental properties of graphene and its derivatives, their synthesis, and applications in numerous fields, and concludes with a future perspective. Significantly, for the first time, both industrial and medical applications are gathered in one book, enabling us to discuss the confrontation of medical and industrial applications of graphene and graphene quantum dots.
Did Dong Hai Chuan Create The Martial Art of Ba Gua Zhang? Did he base the system on the Ancient I-Jing? Is there any connection to the I-Jing? These and other questions are examined from a compilation of historic legends and facts. Also, an overview of the necessities of Ba Gua Zhang and Internal development. Also included are Various sets from the school of Cheng Ting Hua: Da Jian set Rooster Knives set 72 Kicks set Gao Yi Sheng's Pre and post Heaven sets A large variety of applications from the various Cheng schools
The book, offered to your attention, is devoted to describing the basic and applied technique of one of classic internal styles of Chinese Wushu – Baguazhang school. The work presents methods and forms of training alone and with a partner, successively, step by step. The large material is accompanied with detail illustrations accenting attention on important aspects of martial application of the technique of this style. CONTENTS: Introduction - Baguazhang history Name and origin Jibengong – basic exercises Jiben Ba Zhang – eight main palms San Ti Shi – a stance of three bodies Bu Xing – stances Bu Fa – Movements Exercises with a movements along a circle Circle conception “Palm ...