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A Crise do Estado de Direito na União Europeia e o Papel do TJUE
Num período histórico-político marcado, inter alia, por uma crise de saúde pública sem precedentes na História da UE e pela invasão russa da Ucrânia, a União confronta-se com uma profunda crise, a «crise do Estado de Direito». No presente estudo, após uma breve análise da conceção do Estado de Direito ao nível da União Europeia e dos contornos das violações sistémicas daquele valor, indaga-se se os mecanismos de natureza política edificados para a respetiva salvaguarda são suficientes, per se, para travar a erosão do Estado de Direito na Hungria e na Polónia. De seguida, procede-se à análise da jurisprudência recente do TJUE face aos ataques ao Estado de Direito (em especial, na perspetiva da independência do poder judicial) e o respetivo impacto. Por fim, refletindo sobre os desafios que marcarão o rumo da construção europeia, propõem-se algumas soluções para a crise axiológica em curso.
Claims for Secession and Federalism
This volume, incorporating the work of scholars from various parts of the globe, taps the wisdom of the Westphalian (and post-Westphalian) world on the use of federalism and secession as tools for managing regional conflicts. The debate has rarely been more important than it is right now, especially in light of recent events in Catalonia, Scotland, Québec and the Sudan - all unique political contexts raising similar questions about how best to balance competing claims for autonomy, interdependence, political voice, and exit. Exploring how various nations have encountered comparable conflicts, some more and some less successfully, the book broadens the perspectives of scholars, government officials, and citizens struggling to resolve sovereignty conflicts with a full appreciation of the underlying principles they represent.
Social Movements and Referendums from Below
In recent years, social movements on the left have increasingly begun to make themselves felt in referendums. This has been seen throughout Europe: in votes regarding independence in Scotland and Catalonia, on water rights in Italy, on debt repayment in Iceland, and on the financial proposals of the troika in Greece. This book presents case studies of those referendums and more to analyze the ways that social movements formed in the wake of the 2008 crash have affected referendums' development and outcomes. Looking at general issues of democracy, as well as the political effects of neoliberalism, this book is ideally suited to help us understand some of the issues around Brexit and will be read by a wide audience interested in social movements, referendums, and democratic innovation.
The Canadian Contribution to a Comparative Law of Secession
This edited collection gathers together Canadian and non-Canadian scholars to reflect on and celebrate the 20thanniversary of the Quebec Secession Reference, delivered by the Canadian Supreme Court in 1998. It opens withtwo Canadian scholars exchanging thoughts on the legacy of the reference from a domestic perspective as one ofthe most questioned decisions of the Canadian Supreme Court. To follow, non-Canadian scholars discuss theimpact of this reference abroad, reflecting upon its influence in European and non-European contexts (Spain,Scotland, the EU after Brexit, Eastern European Countries, Ethiopia, and Asia). Two final chapters, one by a lawyerand one by a political scientist, explore the democratic theory behind that reference.
La Iniciativa Legislativa Popular y de los Ayuntamientos en el Ordenamiento Autonómico Español
El trabajo se centra en el análisis de la iniciativa legislativa popular que algunas comunidades autónomas reconocen a los órganos representativos de los entes locales . Se parte de la evolución de la participación directa a través de la historia y su implantación en sistemas representativos como el español. Se hace un estudio comparativo de toda la regulación para tratar de ver cuáles son las dificultades que han ocasionado que este tipo de iniciativas no hayan tenido los resultados esperados. En ese análisis comparativo, el trabajo se centra en la regulación de los mecanismos de democracia directa tanto en el ámbito estatal, como el autonómico y el local y se recogen los resultados prácticos de ese reconocimiento. Palabras clave: Participación directa. Iniciativa legislativa popular. Sistema representativo. Iniciativa de los entes locales.
Handbook of Electoral System Choice
The topic of electoral reform is an extremely timely one. The accelerated expansion of the number of new democracies in the world generates increasing demands for advice on the choice of electoral rules; at the same time, a new reformism in well established democracies seeks new formulas favoring both more representative institutions and more accountable rulers. This book addresses the theoretical and comparative issues of electoral reform in relation to democratization, political strategies in established democracies and the relative performance of different electoral systems. Case studies on virtually every major democracy or democratizing country in the world are included.
Relationships between International Criminal Law and Other Branches of International Law
This course investigates the relationships between international criminal law and other branches of international law. It begins by examining four issues of general international law: the principal sources of international law, jurisdiction and immunities, State responsibility, and use of force. It then explores internationalhumanitarian law, focusing on definitions of war crimes and difficulties in linking IHL and ICL. Next, it examines refugee law, paying particular attention to the exclusion of war criminals from refugee protection and to international crimes that may be related to the rights and treatment of refugees. The final chapter explores the relationship between ICL and human rights law, examining the position of human rights within the Rome Statute of the ICC, as well as the human rights aspects of genocide, crimes against humanity, various procedural rights relating to fair international trials and the contribution of human rights fact-finding mechanisms.
The Death Penalty
The fifth edition of this highly praised study charts and explains the progress that continues to be made towards the goal of worldwide abolition of the death penalty. The majority of nations have now abolished the death penalty and the number of executions has dropped in almost all countries where abolition has not yet taken place. Emphasizing the impact of international human rights principles and evidence of abuse, the authors examine how this has fueled challenges to the death penalty and they analyze and appraise the likely obstacles, political and cultural, to further abolition. They discuss the cruel realities of the death penalty and the failure of international standards always to e...
