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Dos centenarios han transcurrido desde que Colombia se independizó del yugo español. Desde entonces, el sistema impositivo ha sufrido grandes cambios, en especial a causa de la justificación para crear contribuciones fiscales. De esa transición surgieron cambios políticos, económicos y sociales, al pasar de una relación del individuo con la “corona” a una perspectiva más amplia que incluye al Estado, la economía y la sociedad, y que representa tanto lo individual como lo colectivo. Algunos de los tributos municipales que se cobran actualmente vienen de esa transición, caracterizada por la intervención estatal en la vida de sus ciudadanos con su “bienestar” protegido por medio de servicios sociales organizados por el Estado, entre ellos, invertir en la construcción de cárceles y la alimentación de los encarcelados, el pago de los maestros, del vacunador, del médico y del cirujano, el embellecimiento del pueblo, el aseo y el adorno de sus calles, puentes, plazas, entradas públicas, así como en la reparación de las casas municipales, las carnicerías y los demás edificios públicos.
Este libro es el resultado de una investigación que tiene como finalidad el estudio de la participación en la plusvalía desde una perspectiva tributaria, con el ánimo de conocer las razones por las cuales no se recauda esta contribución. Para ello, se seleccionaron los entes territoriales capitales de departamentos y se aplicó instrumento tipo encuesta a la comunidad académica involucrada en el tema tributario, que permitió conocer la percepción acerca de la importancia de este tributo y su cumplimiento en el pago. Queda la reflexión crítica de un fenómeno fiscal que tan solo los municipios privilegiados se dan el lujo de cobrar, mientras que otros tienen que luchar por cobrar impuestos que carecen de reserva de ley solo porque es más fácil su cobro.
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Seventeen-year-old Miguel Angel spends every minute after school at the Packing Shed, working out with the Alisal Boxing Club. He dreams of becoming a champion so he can get his mother and five siblings out of their cramped one-bedroom apartment in one of Salinas' poorest barrios. But suddenly his life gets more complicated. The city is threatening to take the Packing Shed away from Coach, and without a place to train he won't be able to avoid the gangbangers in his neighborhood. His childhood friend, Beto, has succumbed to the wiles of easy money and expensive cars, and Miguel Angel wonders if he'll be able to resist his friend. Meanwhile, beautiful blonde Britney from Pebble Beach has ente...
We study the long-term impact of climate change on economic activity across countries, using a stochastic growth model where labor productivity is affected by country-specific climate variables—defined as deviations of temperature and precipitation from their historical norms. Using a panel data set of 174 countries over the years 1960 to 2014, we find that per-capita real output growth is adversely affected by persistent changes in the temperature above or below its historical norm, but we do not obtain any statistically significant effects for changes in precipitation. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that a persistent increase in average global temperature by 0.04°C per year, in th...
Today's moviegoers and critics generally consider some Hollywood products--even some blockbusters--to be legitimate works of art. But during the first half century of motion pictures very few Americans would have thought to call an American movie "art." Up through the 1950s, American movies were regarded as a form of popular, even lower-class, entertainment. By the 1960s and 1970s, however, viewers were regularly judging Hollywood films by artistic criteria previously applied only to high art forms. In Hollywood Highbrow, Shyon Baumann for the first time tells how social and cultural forces radically changed the public's perceptions of American movies just as those forces were radically chan...
"This is the colorful and dramatic biography of two of America's most controversial entrepreneurs: Moses Louis Annenberg, 'the racing wire king, ' who built his fortune in racketeering, invested it in publishing, and lost much of it in the biggest tax evasion case in United States history; and his son, Walter, launcher of TV Guide and Seventeen magazines and former ambassador to Great Britain."--Jacket.
Background paper prepared for the October 2020 IMF World Economic Outlook. This paper provides a detailed presentation of the simulation results from the October 2020 IMF World Economic Outlook chapter 3 and an additional scenario with carbon pricing only for comparison with the comprehensive policy package where green investments were also included. This paper has greatly benefitted from continuous discussions with Oya Celasun and Benjamin Carton on the design of simulations; contributions from Philip Barrett for part of the simulations; and research support from Jaden Kim. We also received helpful comments from other IMF staff. All remaining errors are ours. McKibbin and Liu acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CE170100005).