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Heed the Call
"This report finds that fully autonomous weapons would violate what is known as the Martens Clause. This long-standing provision of international humanitarian law requires emerging technologies to be judged by the 'principles of humanity' and the 'dictates of public conscience' when they are not already covered by other treaty provisions."--Publisher website, viewed August 30, 2018.
Losing Humanity
"This 50-page report outlines concerns about these fully autonomous weapons, which would inherently lack human qualities that provide legal and non-legal checks on the killing of civilians. In addition, the obstacles to holding anyone accountable for harm caused by the weapons would weaken the law's power to deter future violations"--Publisher's website.
Shaking the Foundations
The report is the first report to assess in detail the risks posed by these weapons during law enforcement operations, expanding the debate beyond the battlefield. Human Rights Watch found that fully autonomous weapons would threaten rights and principles under international law as fundamental as the right to life, the right to a remedy, and the principle of dignity. Such weapons would be unable to evaluate the need for and proportionality of using deadly force the way human beings do. They could not be preprogrammed to handle all law enforcement scenarios. And they would lack human qualities, such as judgment and empathy, that enable police to avoid unlawful arbitrary killings in unforeseen...
Mind the Gap
"This 38-page report details significant hurdles to assigning personal accountability for the actions of fully autonomous weapons under both criminal and civil law. It also elaborates on the consequences of failing to assign legal responsibility. The report is jointly published by Human Rights Watch and Harvard Law School's International Human Rights Clinic"--Publisher's description.
Making the Case
Recommendations -- I. The dangers of fully autonomous weapons -- II. Arguments for a preemptive prohibition on fully autonomous weapons -- Acknowledgments.
A Dying Practice
Technical and legal background on cluster munitions -- The belligerents and the cluster munitions used -- Use of cluster munitions by Russia -- Use of cluster munitions by Georgia -- Clearance and risk education -- Conclusion.
Flooding South Lebanon Israel's Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon in July and August 2006
"In this 131-page report, Human Rights Watch found that Israel violated international humanitarian law in its indiscriminate and disproportionate cluster munition attacks on Lebanon. The report provides the most comprehensive and detailed account yet of the nature and impact of Israel's use of cluster munitions."--Publisher's website.
Indiscriminate Fire
This 146-page report finds that both Palestinian armed groups and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have shown insufficient regard for civilian life. Palestinian armed groups, including Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Fatah’s al-Aqsa Brigades, and the Popular Resistance Committees, say the deliberate attacks on civilians with locally made and highly inaccurate rockets, known as Qassams, are reprisals for Israeli actions – but reprisals against civilians are always illegal. A reported reduction by the IDF in the “safety zone” between artillery targets and civilian areas in Gaza, as well as a sharp escalation of shelling in April 2006 following the Hamas political takeover of the Palestinian Authority, led to a jump in civilian casualties.
The AI Military Race
In The AI Military Race, Denise Garcia examines the complexities entailed in creating a global framework to govern the military use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by proposing inclusive and humane ways to forge cooperation. Three novel humanist conceptions are introduced: common good governance, transnational networked cooperation, and humanity's security. This academic volume is the first to survey the threats to peace in the shifting world order by investigating the current patterns and trends in the global use of, and investment in, militarizing AI and the development of autonomous systems. Garcia weaves in an insider participant-observer focus on the decade-long high-level diplomatic at...
United States/Afghanistan
And recommendations -- What are cluster bombs? -- Concerns about cluster bombs -- Cluster bomb use in Afghanistan -- Targeting, or immediate effects -- Aftereffects -- Clearance efforts -- Prior U.S. use of cluster bombs -- Appendix: Cluster bomb incidents -- Acknowledgements.
