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Los temas y problemas de salud pública demandan, dada la complejidad creciente del mundo, nuevos métodos y aproximaciones. Este libro ofrece una aproximación a la relación entre la salud pública y las herramientas de la teoría de la complejidad como el modelamiento y la simulación. Por consiguiente, se trata de una comprensión de la salud en el marco de las ciencias de la complejidad. El modelamiento basado en agentes (MBA) consiste en una exploración de tesis y de problemas en términos del trabajo con posibilidades, antes que en términos simplemente estadísticos y de tendencias. El lenguaje de programación adoptado en los trabajos que componen este libro se concentran en Netlogo(R).
Las ciencias sociales y humanas, al igual que las ciencias de la salud –incluida la medicina–, son, a la fecha, precuánticas. Si les va bien, en el mejor de los casos, son relativistas, en el sentido de la teoría de la relatividad de Einstein. Es imposible entender el mundo de hoy, la realidad y la naturaleza sin un conocimiento básico de la teoría cuántica. Este libro busca llenar un vacío en una triple dirección: tender puentes entre la física cuántica y las ciencias sociales, tenderlos entre la teoría cuántica y las ciencias de la salud, y pensar, al mismo tiempo, la salud (no ya la enfermedad). El marco genérico es el contexto de las relaciones entre la salud y las ciencias de la complejidad. Una idea de base: la salud no es única –ni principalmente– un problema antropológico, antropomórfico o antropocéntrico.
"United States Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Office of Population and Reproductive Health."
This book intends to be a complimentary reference for graduate and undergraduate courses of Business and Engineering. Readers not familiar with Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and supply chain management (SCM) may have a first glance, reading isolate chapters. Moreover, the sequential order from Chapters 1 to 8 may be more instructive. Readers with expertise on MCDM or SCM will find interesting applications or proposals. The book also presents a systematic literature review, which confirms the leadership of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA).
Lee Smolin offers a new theory of the universe that is at once elegant, comprehensive, and radically different from anything proposed before. Smolin posits that a process of self organization like that of biological evolution shapes the universe, as it develops and eventually reproduces through black holes, each of which may result in a new big bang and a new universe. Natural selection may guide the appearance of the laws of physics, favoring those universes which best reproduce. The result would be a cosmology according to which life is a natural consequence of the fundamental principles on which the universe has been built, and a science that would give us a picture of the universe in which, as the author writes, "the occurrence of novelty, indeed the perpetual birth of novelty, can be understood." Smolin is one of the leading cosmologists at work today, and he writes with an expertise and force of argument that will command attention throughout the world of physics. But it is the humanity and sharp clarity of his prose that offers access for the layperson to the mind bending space at the forefront of today's physics.
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The changes in the technological and business environment have complicated the nature of the decision-making process in real-world problems, thus motivating the development of new operations research (OR) methodologies. The traditional OR context is usually based on a single objective approach using profit (cost) maximisation (minimisation) criteria. However, it is now widely acknowledged that such an approach overlooks additional factors which are also highly relevant in a decision-making context. This book presents the recent advances to the theory of multicriteria analysis, covering all its major aspects in a unique edited volume.