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Weather risks and insurance opportunities for the rural poor
As climate variability gains prominence in the international policy agenda, public and private sectors alike are increasingly considering strategies to cope with its economic and social consequences. In turn, the general publicfaced with a growing number of extreme weather events and natural hazardsis beginning to demand concrete action. One sector where climate variability and its associated risk have the most damaging impact is the rural economy, in particular smallholder farmers. This brief outlines some of the adverse effects that climate variability has on the rural economy and describes how different insurance mechanisms can contribute to reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience to weather risks.
The Adobe Kingdom
Yearning for his roots and for a return to the land of his birth, Lucero follows two families across 12 generations, from their entry into New Mexico at "La Toma del Rio del Norte," in 1598, to their achievement of statehood in 1912 and beyond.
CGIAR research on agricultural insurance: Past achievements and future research priorities
KEY MESSAGES • A recent external review of IFPRI’s research on agricultural insurance found that, since 2009, IFPRI has made important contributions to the literature on factors constraining farmers’ demand for agricultural insurance and on gender inclusiveness of insurance and, since 2015, has focused more specifically on developing new forms of insurance that can reduce basis risk at the farm level and make insurance more attractive to farmers. • IFPRI’s work on flexible insurance contracts, picture-based insurance, and bundling agricultural insurance with credit, seeds, and other agricultural services shows that well-designed insurance can significantly improve on standard index...
COVID-19 and extreme weather: Impacts on food security and migration attitudes in rural Guatemala
This paper examines the continuing effects of COVID-19 and exposure to weather extremes on income, dietary, and migration outcomes in rural Guatemala. We rely on a comprehensive longitudinal survey of 1,612 smallholder farmers collected over three survey rounds in 2019, 2020, and 2021. We find improvements in incomes, food security, and dietary diversity in 2021 relative to 2020, but with levels still below pre-pandemic ones in 2019. We also find a substantial increase in the intention to emigrate that was not observed in the onset of the pandemic. In terms of the channels mediating the variations in dietary diversity and migration intentions, income shocks seem to have played a role, in con...
Assessing the impacts of COVID-19 on the coffee value chain in Guatemala: Evidence from coffee growers in the Midwest and East
Coffee is a growth market. Current estimates indicate that global coffee production (in volume) has increased by more than 60% since the 1990s. Coffee is produced by around 25 million farmers, which are mainly smallholders in developing and least developed countries, and over 70% of the coffee produced is exported, resulting in about 20 billion US dollars annual foreign exchange earnings (ICO, 2020). COVID-19 represented a severe joint supply and demand shock to the global coffee sector, particularly during the first months after the start of the pandemic. As noted by Hernandez et al. (2020), the coffee industry experienced important disruptions downstream the value chain, including the functioning of key export infrastructure and international shipping, which combined with local currency devaluations and volatile coffee prices, which resulted in significant challenges for coffee growers, farm workers, and traders.
Where We Come from
Archuleta families in Spain and the American Southwest. The author's ancestor is Jose Damian Archuleta, who was born in about 1754. He married Juana Micaela Salazar 29 January 1772 in Santa Cruz, New Mexico. Includes general historical background for Hispanic American families.
The Cristos yacentes of Gregorio Fernández
Analyzing seventeenth-century images of the dead Christ produced by Gregorio Fernández, author Ilenia Colón Mendoza reveals hitherto unnoticed connections between the sculptures and contemporary liturgical sources. She investigates how and why Fernández and his patrons manipulated these images in connection with the religious literature of the time to produce striking images that moved the faithful to devotion.
The Taos Trappers
In this comprehensive history, David J. Weber draws on Spanish, Mexican, and American sources to describe the development of the Taos trade and the early penetration of the area by French and American trappers. Within this borderlands region, colorful characters such as Ewing Young, Kit Carson, Peg-leg Smith, and the Robidoux brothers pioneered new trails to the Colorado Basin, the Gila River, and the Pacific and contributed to the wealth that flowed east along the Santa Fe Trail.
Digital technologies for financial inclusion of smallholder farmers: Needs assessment in three states of India
Financial instruments such as savings, loans, and insurance are critical tools in managing risk for smallholder farmers across the developing world. Although smallholder farmers are disproportionately affected by adverse events, they are the least likely to have access to formal loans, insurance, or bank accounts, leaving them less prepared to manage weather and disaster risk. As the effects of climate change intensify, building resilience—the ability to mitigate, cope, and recover from shocks and stresses without compromising future welfare—is essential for reducing rural poverty and improving food and nutrition security.
