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The purpose of this study is to determine the role of tourism in the economy of Bulgaria. In this paper, we present the history of the Bulgarian tourism industry trends from the beginning to its contemporary policy patterns. We apply an econometric methodology consisting of unit root test, cointegration analysis, linear regression, correlation analysis, Granger causality test and 3-D visualizations by IBM Watson Studio based on the statistics for the period 1980-2017. Exploring the link between tourism and the economic development of Bulgaria, the tourism – led - growth hypothesis about Bulgaria is validated for the post-communism period. Our findings show that a relationship between tourism and Bulgaria’s economic development exists. We can conclude that tourism is in part an endogenous growth process.
Offers a critical and realistic reassessment of the threats posed to the environment in the Middle East, and what can be done about them.
The growing market of tourism in Asian countries has caused significant changes to the economy, transportation, and safety for citizens. With the ubiquity of tourism, there is now an increasing need for resources to assist in the challenges that arise. Tourism and Opportunities for Economic Development in Asia is a key resource on the priorities, challenges, and strategies in the globalized economy of the Asian tourism market. Highlighting multidisciplinary studies on cultural tourism, gastronomy, and hospitality management, this publication is an ideal reference source for academicians, researchers, politicians, policy makers, and information technology directors actively involved in the tourism industry.
This book approaches the tourism and hospitality industry from a regional science perspective. By analyzing the spatial context of tourist travels, the hospitality sector, and the regional impacts of tourist activities, it demonstrates the value of the regional science paradigm for understanding the dynamics and effects of tourism and hospitality-related phenomena. Written by leading regional science scholars from various countries as well as professionals from organizations such as OECD and AirBnB, the contributions address topics such as migration, new types of accommodation, segmentation of tourism demand, and the potential use of tracking technologies in tourism research. The content is ...
Crime and violence soared in twenty-first-century Venezuela even as poverty and inequality decreased, contradicting the conventional wisdom that these are the underlying causes of violence. The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela explains the rise of violence under both Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro—leftist presidents who made considerable investment in social programs and political inclusion. Contributors argue that violence arose not from the frustration of inequality, or the needs created by poverty, but rather from the interrelated factors of a particular type of revolutionary governance, extraordinary oil revenues, a reliance on militarized policing, and the persistence of concentrated disadvantage. These factors led to dramatic but unequal economic growth, massive institutional and social change, and dysfunctional criminal justice policies that destabilized illicit markets and social networks, leading to an increase in violent conflict resolution. The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela reorients thinking about violence and its relationship to poverty, inequality, and the state.
This book is a unique study of a transition economy, using the little-known case of Belarus, a country “trapped in transition” from state capitalism to market economy. The first of its kind, this book explains how decisions are made by economic authorities and businesses in this developing country. It proves that, in order to boost economic reforms, the Belarusian government needs to rely on the support of the high-income public.
Launched in 1991, the Asian Yearbook of International Law is a major internationally-refereed yearbook dedicated to international legal issues as seen primarily from an Asian perspective. It is published under the auspices of the Foundation for the Development of International Law in Asia (DILA) in collaboration with DILA-Korea, the Secretariat of DILA, in South Korea. When it was launched, the Yearbook was the first publication of its kind, edited by a team of leading international law scholars from across Asia. It provides a forum for the publication of articles in the field of international law and other Asian international legal topics. The objectives of the Yearbook are two-fold: First,...
This book is a compilation of the best papers presented at the 2017 installment of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Economics & Finance (APEF), which is held annually in Singapore. With a great number of submissions, it presents the latest research findings in economics and finance and discusses relevant issues in today's world. The book is a useful resource for readers who want access to economics, finance and business research focusing on the Asia-Pacific region.
2000'li yılların başlarında kullanılmaya başlayan “Orta Gelir Tuzağı” kavramı, sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeyi başaramamış ve aynı kişi başına düşen milli gelir seviyesinde çok uzun yıllar takılı kalmış ülkeleri nitelendirmektedir. İlk defa Dünya Bankası çalışanları Gill ve Kaharas (2007) tarafından ortaya atılan kavram, orta gelir tuzağına yakalanan ülkeleri, az gelişmiş ülkeler ile düşük ücretli standart imalat sanayi ürünlerinde rekabet edemeyen, diğer taraftan yenilikçilik temelli büyüyen üst gelir grubu ülkeleri yakınsamakta ise zorlanan ülkeler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu tezde; orta gelir tuzağının nedenleri, tuzakta...