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The Coronin Family of Proteins
The coronins, first described in Dictyostelium discoideum in 1991, have been detected in all eukaryotes except plants. They belong to the superfamily of WD40-repeat proteins and represent a large family of proteins, which are often involved in cytoskeletal functions. Phylogenetic studies clearly distinguish 12 subfamilies of which six exclusively occur in vertebrates. In the present book we have made a sincere attempt to provide a comprehensive overview on all aspects of coronin proteins including history, structure, subcellular localization and function in different organisms. In addition, we also included a general overview on the WD40 family of proteins and the structurally related Kelch family. The book should be of interest for scientists outside the field, but is more importantly intended as a fast and competent guide for newcomers as well as doctoral and postdoctoral scientists to coronin research in all its facets.
The Eukaryotic Replisome: a Guide to Protein Structure and Function
High-fidelity chromosomal DNA replication underpins all life on the planet. In humans, there are clear links between chromosome replication defects and genome instability, genetic disease and cancer, making a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of genome duplication vital for future advances in diagnosis and treatment. Building on recent exciting advances in protein structure determination, the book will take the reader on a guided journey through the intricate molecular machinery of eukaryotic chromosome replication and provide an invaluable source of information, ideas and inspiration for all those with an interest in chromosome replication, whether from a basic science, translational biology and medical research perspective.
Reprogramming Microbial Metabolic Pathways
Metabolic engineering has been developed over the past 20 years to become an important tool for rational engineering of microorganisms. This book has a particular interest in the methods and applications of metabolic engineering to improve the production and yield of a variety of metabolites in microorganisms. The overall goal is to achieve a better understanding of metabolism in different microorganisms, and provide a rational basis to reprogram microorganisms for improved biochemical production. This book brings together contributions from leading researchers at the cutting edge of these topics. The subject matter is divided into two sections. The first section deals with novel and emerging methods for redesigning microorganisms exploiting systems biology and gene regulation. The second discusses practical aspects of metabolic engineering for over production of a variety of valuable chemicals and materials by fermentation.
Muscle Disease
Written by more than 60 international experts in the field, Muscle Disease embodies the explosion of new concepts and information on the pathology and genetics of muscle disease that has occurred in recent years. In order to accommodate the new complex principles involved, the book is organized around the motor unit and the inherited disorders, in particular, are centered on the ultrastructure and organelles within the muscle fiber. In this way, the wide spectrum of muscle diseases, ranging from neurogenic and inflammatory disorders to those involving defects in a single gene, can be expressed in a logical sequence. For example, disorders that principally involve specific organelles or parti...
Phosphoinositides II: The Diverse Biological Functions
Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases – and pho...
Phosphoinositides I: Enzymes of Synthesis and Degradation
Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases – and pho...
Ubiquitin and Autophagy
This book is a collection of articles from the Cells Special Issue on “Ubiquitin and Autophagy”. It contains an Editorial and 13 articles at the intersection of ubiquitin- and autophagy-related processes. Ubiquitin is a small protein modifier that is widely used to tag proteins, organelles, and pathogens for their degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system and/or autophagy–lysosomal pathway. Interestingly, several ubiquitin-like proteins are at a core of the autophagy mechanism. This book dedicates a lot of attention to the crosstalk between the ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy and serves as a good starting point for the readers interested in the current state of the knowledge on ubiquitin and autophagy.
Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition
Endotoxins are potentially toxic compounds produced by Gram-negative bacteria including some pathogens. Unlike exotoxins, which are secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, endotoxins are comprised of structural components of bacteria. Endotoxins can cause a whole-body inflammatory state, sepsis, leading to low blood pressure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. This book brings together contributions from researchers in the forefront of these subjects. It is divided into two sections. The first deals with how endotoxins are synthesized and end up on the bacterial surface. The second discussed how endotoxins activate TLR4 and, in turn, how TLR4 generates the molecular signals leading to infectious and inflammatory diseases. The way endotoxins interact with the host cells is fundamental to understanding the mechanism of sepsis, and recent research on these aspects of endotoxins has served to illuminate previously undescribed functions of the innate immune system. This volume presents a description of endotoxins according to their genetic constitution, structure, function and mode of interaction with host cells.
GPCR Signalling Complexes – Synthesis, Assembly, Trafficking and Specificity
Main Question: G protein coupled receptors are involved in highly efficient and specific activation of signalling pathways. How do GPCR signalling complexes get assembled to generate such specificity? In order to answer this question, we need to understand how receptors and their signalling partners are synthesized, folded and quality-controlled in order to generate functional proteins. Then, we need to understand how each partner of the signalling complex is selected to join a complex, and what makes this assembly possible. GPCRs are known to be able to function as oligomers, what drives the assembly into oligomers and what will be the effects of such organization on specificity and efficacy of signal transduction. Once the receptor complexes are assembled, they need to reach different locations in the cell; what drives and controls the trafficking of GPCR signalling complexes. Finally, defects in synthesis, maturation or trafficking can alter functionality of GPCRs signalling complexes; how can we manipulate the system to make it function normally again? Pharmacological chaperones may just be part of the answer to this question.
