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Micronutrients, which comprise minerals and vitamins, are essential for a variety of biological processes such as growth, immune response, regulation of gene expression and cognitive functions. Micronutrients: The Key to Good Health presents key information about the causes, signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies along with remedial dietary measures. The book also provides authentic knowledge of the nature, structure and metabolic functions of vitamins and essential minerals in a reader-friendly manner. The aim of the book is to provide comprehensive knowledge about micronutrients and their role in a balanced diet for maintaining personal health. Key features: - Covers the basics o...
Neural plasticity is a unique and adaptive feature of nervous system, which allows neurons to reorganize their interactions in response to a stimulation (intrinsic or extrinsic) to maintain their function. For these reasons, epigenetics emerges as a potential field for developing strategies to modulate changes in pathological situation because extrinsic factors and pharmacological tools can modify neural functioning in organisms during their life. Diet, exercise, environmental aspects, stressors or drugs are available to alter those mechanisms. Epigenetic involves certain molecular signaling pathways, as DNA methylation and histone acetylation and deacetylation, and the emerging non-coding s...
Previous studies showed that both healthy and pathological aging are associated with changes in brain structure and function of the mature human brain. The most prominent anatomical alteration are changes in prefrontal cortex morphology, volume loss and reduced white-matter integrity and hippocampal atrophy. Cognitive decline affects mainly the performance of episodic memory, speed of sensory information processing, working memory, inhibitory function and long-term memory. It has been also proposed that due to the aforementioned changes the aging brain engages in compensatory brain mechanism such as a broader activation of cortical regions (mainly frontal) rather than specialized activation....
Aging is one of the major risk factors for the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of virtually every central nervous system disease, and is acknowledged as a likely mediator of cognitive impairments. Systemic inflammation levels are augmented with advanced age and neurodegeneration. The influence of age on neuroinflammatory responses including glial activation, increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, and aberrant neuronal signaling could magnify the deterioration of the central nervous system microenvironment in disease, and may contribute to enhanced cognitive impairment. This eBook is a collection of highly informative original research articles, providing comprehensive aspect of neuroinflammation and possible therapeutic interventions in rescuing cognitive impairments.
Worldwide, 278 million people are estimated to have moderate to profound hearing loss. Age-related hearing loss, also known as presbyacusis, affects approximately half of the population over 60 years old, making it the second most common cause of disability in older people. Hearing loss occurs when the sensory cells and neurons of the cochlea degenerate and die. The vestibular system, which holds the sense of balance, shares a common embryonic origin with the cochlea and together conform the inner ear. Balance problems are a trait of ageing to the point that balance ability is considered a sensor of physical decline and vestibular degeneration is the most common cause of falls in the elderly...
This book is a study of three iatrosofia (the notebooks of traditional healers) from the Ottoman and modern periods of Greece. The main text is a collection of the medical recipes of the monk Gymnasios Lauriōtis (b. 1858). Gymnasios had a working knowledge of over 2,000 plants and their use in medical treatments. Two earlier iatrosofia are used for parallels for Gymnasios’s recipes. One was written c. 1800 by a practical doctor near Khania, Crete, and illustrated by a second hand. The second iatrosofion dates to the sixteenth century; ascribed to a Meletios, the text survives in the Codex Vindobonensis gr. med. 53. The contents of these and other iatrosofia are predominantly medical, with...
Alzheimer’s disease is undoubtedly the major health challenge of our Century with significant social and economic consequences. This Frontiers eBook offers a contribution of 39 innovative papers on the multidimensional and crucial problem of Alzheimer’s disease management and treatment. Several perspectives, research updates, and trials describing methods on potential diagnosis and treatment are presented including biological mechanisms, biomarkers and risk factors for an early and efficient prognosis, diagnosis and prevention. Additionally, while the rapidly increasing Alzheimer’s disease population demands holistic solutions and clinical studies with new therapeutic target approaches, several of the contributive papers present promising drugs targeting Alzheimer’s disease treatment. We give our deepest acknowledgment to all the authors for their important and innovative contributions, to the reviewers for their valuable recommendations on improving the submitting studies and all the Frontiers Editorial team for continuous support.
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is increasing dramatically and one of the major challenges today is the need of early and accurate diagnosis, the other is the need of more effective therapies -in turn the development of such therapies also requires early and accurate diagnosis-. The main hope for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis comes from the use of biomarkers. Much research is being done trying to solve the many interrogates related to the role of biomarkers in clinical practice, including the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis and follow-up of neurodegenerative disorders. This is a field where translational research is intense enough to make this topic interesting...