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Archaeology and Geology of Ancient Egyptian Stones
This book seeks to identify and describe all the rocks and minerals employed by the ancient Egyptians using proper geological nomenclature, and to give an account of their sources in so far as they are known. The various uses of the stones are described, as well as the technologies employed to extract, transport, carve, and thermally treat them.
Gold and Gold Mining in Ancient Egypt and Nubia
The book presents the historical evolution of gold mining activities in the Egyptian and Nubian Desert (Sudan) from about 4000 BC until the Early Islamic Period (~800–1350 AD), subdivided into the main classical epochs including the Early Dynastic – Old and Middle Kingdoms – New Kingdom (including Kushitic) – Ptolemaic – Roman and Early Islamic. It is illustrated with many informative colour images, maps and drawings. An up to date comprehensive geological introduction gives a general overview on the gold production zones in the Eastern Desert of Egypt and northern (Nubian) Sudan, including the various formation processes of the gold bearing quartz veins mined in these ancient peri...
Roads in the Deserts of Roman Egypt
Egypt under the Romans (30 BCE–3rd century CE) was a period when local deserts experienced an unprecedented flurry of activity. In the Eastern Desert, a marked increase in desert traffic came from imperial prospecting/quarrying activities and caravans transporting wares to and from the Red Sea ports. In the Western Desert, resilient camels slowly became primary beasts of burden in desert travel, enabling caravaneers to lengthen daily marching distances across previously inhospitable dunes. Desert road archaeology has used satellite imaging, landscape studies and network analysis to plot desert trail networks with greater accuracy; however, it is often difficult to date roadside installatio...
Ashlar
This volume focusses on ashlar masonry, probably the most elaborate construction technique of the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age, from a cross-regional perspective. The building practices and the uses of cutstone components and masonries in Egypt, Syria, the Aegean, Anatolia, Cyprus and the Levant in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC are examined through a series of case studies and topical essays. The topics addressed include the terminology of ashlar building components and the typologies of its masonries, technical studies on the procurement, dressing, tool kits and construction techniques pertaining to cut stone, investigations into the place of ashlar in inter-regional exchanges and craft dissemination, the extent and signifi cance of the use of cut stone within the communities and regions, and the visual eff ects, social meanings, and symbolic and ideological values of ashlar.
Architecture, Power, and Religion
This book explores the fundamental question of the origins and nature of monumental religious architecture. The principal argument is that the origins of monumental religious architecture were basically aspatial and that the gradual incorporation of functional space into religious architecture can be related to transformations in religious thought. Although the discussion ranges across the Old World, the argument centers on Egypt and the Egyptian female king Hatshepsut: she set the tone for the New Kingdom by tying her legitimacy to Amun and the monuments she built for him. This leads into the issues of power and political legitimacy, and their relevance to myths. The basic contention is that the political ideologies of the Near Eastern Bronze Age contributed fundamentally to what later became the phenomenon we know as "religion," and that the history of the architecture must be understood in order to understand both religion and architectural space. (Series: Articles on Archaeology / Beitrage zur Archaologie - Vol. 7)
They Built the Pyramids
Joseph Davidovits explains the intriguing theory that made him famous. He shows how the Pyramids were built by using re-agglomerated stone (a natural limestone treated like a concrete), and not with huge carved blocks, hauled on fragile ramps. Archaeology bears him out, as well as hieroglyphic texts, scientific analysis, religious and historical facts. The author sweeps aside the conventional image which cripples Egyptology and delivers a captivating and surprising view of this civilisation; the first complete presentation on how the pyramids were built. The revelations are sensational, especially when he explains why the pharaohs stopped building great pyramids because of an over-exploitation of raw materials and a likely environmental disaster. He charts the rise of this technology, its apogee at Giza, and the decline. Everything is logical, everything fits into place.
Reactive Intermediates in the Gas Phase
Reactive Intermediates in the Gas Phase: Generation and Monitoring covers methods for reactive intermediates in the gas phase. The book discusses the generation and measurement of atom and radical concentrations in flow systems; the high temperature flow tubes, generation and measurement of refractory species; and the electronically excited long-lived states of atoms and diatomic molecules in flow systems. The text also describes the production and detection of reactive species with lasers in static systems; the production of small positive ions in a mass spectrometer; and the discharge-excited rare gas halide lasers. Chemists, physicists, and people working in aerochem laboratories will find the book invaluable.
Broadening Horizons
‘Broadening Horizons: multidisciplinary approaches to landscape study’ presents nine papers on physical landscape research in the Mediterranean and the Near East. Giving prime place to young researchers working in this field, it brings together highly diverse applications ranging from ground survey to semi-automated remote sensing, from cuneiform studies to palynology and from human geography to paradigm re-evaluation. Aimed at a public of both students and scholars with a shared interest in the study of past landscapes, its aims are dual. In presenting ongoing research which applies various techniques available to the student of landscape, it aims to add to the practice of these sub-fie...
Christianity and Monasticism in Middle Egypt
The Monastery of Apa Thomas at Wadi Sarga: point of departure for a relative chronology / Renate Dekker -- Intellectural life in Middle Egypt: the case of the Monastery of Bawit (sixth-eighth centuries) / Alain Delattre -- Christianity and monasticism in al-Bahnasa according to Arabic sources / Sherin Sadek El Gendi -- Mesokemic or 'middle Egyptian': the Coptic dialect of Oxyrhynchos / Frank Feder -- The Monastery of Apollo at Bala'iza and its literary texts / James E. Goehring -- "Twenty thousand nuns": the domestic virgins of Oxyrhynchos / AnneMarie Luijendijk -- Anba Isaac, Bishop of the Fayoum, al-Bahnasa, and Giza, 1834-81 / Bishop Martyros -- The Monastery of the Holy Virgin Mary at al...
The Red Land
For thousands of years Egypt has crowded the Nile Valley and Delta. The Eastern Desert, however, has also played a crucial-though until now little understood-role in Egyptian history. Ancient inhabitants of the Nile Valley feared the desert, which they referred to as the Red Land, and were reluctant to venture there, yet they exploited the extensive mineral wealth of this region. They also profited from the valuable wares conveyed across the desert between the Nile and the Red Sea ports, which originated from Arabia, Africa, India, and elsewhere in the east. Based on twenty years of archaeological fieldwork conducted in the Eastern Desert, The Red Land reveals the cultural and historical ric...
