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Growth of White Firs Defoliated by Modoc Budworm in Northeastern California
Open-grown, pole-sized white firs defoliated by Modoc budworm (Choristoneura viridis) in northeastern California in the years 1959-62 and 1973-75 suffered only minor growth reductions and topkilling compared with the effects that more protracted budworm outbreaks have had elsewhere on their conifer hosts. Growth index analysis indicated that the firs averaged a cumulative height growth deficit of 14.5 percent, or 34 cm (1.1 ft), over both outbreaks. Firs heavily defoliated during the 1973-75 outbreak were more frequently topkilled and consequently suffered larger height growth deficits. Topkilling during both outbreaks, however, was limited to the terminal shoot, resulting in slight crooks or forks, but no decay, in the stems. Radial growth deficits attributable to the outbreaks were not found and, unless future outbreaks are more protracted or otherwise intensify, the Modoc budworm can be considered only a marginal economic pest of firs in California.
The Gypsy Moth
None
Yellowheaded Spruce Sawfly
Presents the biology and ecology of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly, and provides survey techniques and management strategies. In addition, it provides information on identification, classification, host range, and the historical records of outbreaks in the Lake States.--Abstract on page 3 of cover.
