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This paper analyzes poverty dynamics in rural Bangladesh using a nationally representative panel dataset of 5,260 rural households interviewed in 2011/12 and 2015. We find that education, savings, assets, non-farm employment, substantial safety net transfers, and women’s empowerment are key factors in breaking persistent poverty; and savings, non-farm engagement, and substantial safety net transfers prevent households from falling into poverty. The results are consistent across multinomial logit, logit, and simultaneous quantile regression models. Thus, policies and programs that address the determinants of persistent and transient poverty identified in this study hold promise for sustained poverty reduction in rural Bangladesh.
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This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 signifi...
This book envisions the most appropriate design strategies that guarantee the adequate environmental performance of buildings during phases of design and construction as well as use. It focuses on relevant issues related to the production of sustainable buildings and the socio-cultural integration aspects of new architectural designs in urban settings. The book also addresses the design features of historic buildings.
This introduction to the field of hyper-heuristics presents the required foundations and tools and illustrates some of their applications. The authors organized the 13 chapters into three parts. The first, hyper-heuristic fundamentals and theory, provides an overview of selection constructive, selection perturbative, generation constructive and generation perturbative hyper-heuristics, and then a formal definition of hyper-heuristics. The chapters in the second part of the book examine applications of hyper-heuristics in vehicle routing, nurse rostering, packing and examination timetabling. The third part of the book presents advanced topics and then a summary of the field and future research directions. Finally the appendices offer details of the HyFlex framework and the EvoHyp toolkit, and then the definition, problem model and constraints for the most tested combinatorial optimization problems. The book will be of value to graduate students, researchers, and practitioners.
Thoracic lymphadenopathy consists of mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy. Thoracic lymph nodes are anatomically one of the most complex groups of the lymphatic network in the body and describing them could be nerve wracking if there is no proper understanding of the locations, its systemic divisions and its significance in diseased states. Thoracic lymphadenopathy is one of the most common radiological findings seen on the CT scan of thorax. The incidence of these findings have particularly increased in the era of lung cancer screening with low dose CT scan of the chest. The differential diagnosis for mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy is broad and spans from being reactive to benign...
The Destiny Comic Collection Vol. One is an essential collection of comic stories for Destiny fans! The Destiny Comic Collection Vol. One is an essential collection of comic stories for Destiny fans. This 144-page volume includes Bungie's comic collection plus never before seen stories, behind the scenes galleries, and exclusive content from featured artists! From Osiris's exile to Ana Bray's homecoming on Mars, uncover the legends behind Destiny 2's iconic characters. Featuring stories written and illustrated in collaboration with Bungie by Ryan North (Dinosaur Comics, Marvel's The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl), Kris Anka (Marvel's X-Men and Star-Lord), Mark Waid (DC Comics' The Flash and Marvel's Captain America) plus a special introduction by Gerry Duggan (Marvel's Deadpool). Includes one of two collectible bookmarks printed with the Destiny 2 "Heroes of the Light" emblem code inserted inside the book.
Pointing straight up, the sign says: "Space 100 km ahead!" If we only had a spare planet in our pocket, we could simply fall all the way into space. While spare planets are not cheap to come by, gravitons can be made with only a small amount of effort. Are you ready to learn how?
Immerse Yourself in Learning French with Short Stories that Make the Language Come Alive & Easy to Learn! Want to learn French the easiest and most exciting way possible? You came to the right place! Learning a second language is a great mental exercise if you want to create new neural pathways in your brain, so you can stay quick and sharp. Plus, learning a widely spoken language - French in particular - can open up a myriad of new opportunities for you in both life and work. One great obstacle that English speakers face when learning French is that they are in an environment where they can't fully immerse themselves in the language learning process. And that's why "French Short Stories for...