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The application areas of uncertainty are numerous and diverse, including all fields of engineering, computer science, systems control and finance. Determining appropriate ways and methods of dealing with uncertainty has been a constant challenge. The theme for this book is better understanding and the application of uncertainty theories. This book, with invited chapters, deals with the uncertainty phenomena in diverse fields. The book is an outgrowth of the Fourth International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis (ISUMA), which was held at the center of Adult Education, College Park, Maryland, in September 2003. All of the chapters have been carefully edited, following a review pr...
In the 1970s industry in the West had reached its limits, precipitating a major discussion about how to solve the crisis. But what was going on in Eastern Europe parallel to this development? Were any similar trends being registered? The authors of this volume pursue the answers to these questions by studying the politics, economics, social and cultural movements of that time in the multiethnic countries of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. It becomes clear that these two countries were themselves in the midst of a latent crisis resulting from the global developments around them and from their own internal conflicts. The symptoms of this crisis were well known in expert circles, but not registered fully by either the political leaders or the citizens at large.
When solving real-life engineering problems, linguistic information is often encountered that is frequently hard to quantify using "classical" mathematical techniques. This linguistic information represents subjective knowledge. Through the assumptions made by the analyst when forming the mathematical model, the linguistic information is often ignored. On the other hand, a wide range of traffic and transportation engineering parameters are characterized by uncertainty, subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. Human operators, dispatchers, drivers, and passengers use this subjective knowledge or linguistic information on a daily basis when making decisions. Decisions about route choice, mode...
A sweeping history of southeastern Europe from antiquity to the present that reveals it to be a vibrant crossroads of trade, ideas, and religions. We often think of the Balkans as a region beset by turmoil and backwardness, but from late antiquity to the present it has been a dynamic meeting place of cultures and religions. Combining deep insight with narrative flair, The Great Cauldron invites us to reconsider the history of this intriguing, diverse region as essential to the story of global Europe. Marie-Janine Calic reveals the many ways in which southeastern Europe’s position at the crossroads of East and West shaped continental and global developments. The nascent merchant capitalism ...
Der Balkan - das war von den europäischen Zentren aus betrachtet immer das Fremde, Exotische und Rückständige. Marie-Janine Calic schreibt die Geschichte Südosteuropas als Weltgeschichte und hinterfragt dabei die gängigen Stereotype über die Region. Die Bewohner Südosteuropas teilen viele gemeinsame Erfahrungen, und bis heute sind ihre Schicksale wechselseitig eng miteinander verknüpft. Eine gemeinsame Identität sucht man dennoch vergeblich. Stattdessen hat sich hier eine einzigartige Vielfalt herausgebildet, die sich nicht zuletzt überregionalen Bezügen verdankt. Werden und Wandel Südosteuropas von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart werden daher in diesem Buch nicht bloß aus der Region selbst erklärt, sondern aus einer globalgeschichtlichen Perspektive neu betrachtet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Austausch mit dem Rest der Welt eine viel größere Rolle gespielt hat, als es in den gängigen historischen Darstellungen zum Ausdruck kommt.
god. 14- include supplemetary numbers and their index.
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Renowned for its international coverage and rigorous selection procedures, this series provides the most comprehensive and scholarly bibliographic service available in the social sciences. Arranged by topic and indexed by author, subject and place-name, each bibliography lists and annotates the most important works published in its field during the year of 1997, including hard-to-locate journal articles. Each volume also includes a complete list of the periodicals consulted.