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Electron Distributions and the Chemical Bond
This book represents the proceedings of a symposium held at the Spring 1981 ACS meeting in Atlanta. The symposium brought together Theoretical Chemists, Solid State Physicists, Experimen tal Chemists and Crystallographers. One of its major aims was to increase interaction between these diverse groups which often use very different languages to describe similar concepts. The devel opment of a common language, or at least the acquisition of a multilingual capability, is a necessity if the field is to prosper. Much depends in this field on the interplay between theory and experiment. Accordingly this volume begins with two introduc tory chapters, one theoretical and the other experimental, whic...
Kappa Distributions
This book presents recent results on the modelling of space plasmas with Kappa distributions and their interpretation. Hot and dilute space plasmas most often do not reach thermal equilibrium, their dynamics being essentially conditioned by the kinetic effects of plasma particles, i.e., electrons, protons, and heavier ions. Deviations from thermal equilibrium shown by these plasma particles are often described by Kappa distributions. Although well-known, these distributions are still controversial in achieving a statistical characterization and a physical interpretation of non-equilibrium plasmas. The results of the Kappa modelling presented here mark a significant progress with respect to a...
Quiescent and Disturbed Proton and Electron Distributions
Ionizing radiation within the Earth's magnetosphere presents a potential hazard to men as well as to sensitive equipment operating in this region. Thus, investigation of the detailed structure, as well as the variability of this radiation, is an important aspect of the continuing studies of the environment within which the Air Force operates. Air Force satellite OV1-13, instrumented to measure the differential energy spectra of protons and electrons, was launched on April 6, 1968 into a polar orbit with an apogee and perigee of 9300 km and 570 km, respectively. Both proton and electron data for energies between 0.1 and 1.0 MeV, obtained during the June 9, 1968 magnetic storm, are presented in the form of flux distributions and Eo versus L plots with emphasis being placed on the late-morning sector of the outer belt. (Author).
Thermal and Hyperthermal Electron Distributions in the Midnight Sector of the Winter Topside Ionosphere
A gridded spherical electrostatic analyzer aboard Injun 5 has been used to measure fluxes of thermal and hyperthermal electrons at sub-auroral latitude in the midnight sector of the northern ionosphere between altitudes of 2500 and 850 km. Due to the offset between the geomagnetic and geographic poles, hyperthermal fluxes consisting of energetic photoelectrons that have escaped from the sunlit southern hemisphere are observed along orbits over the Atlantic Ocean and North America but not over Asia. The ambient electron temperatures near 2500 km have their highest values at trough latitudes for all longitudes. Based on these observations it is concluded that: At trough latitudes, elevated electron temperatures in the topside ionosphere are produced by sources other than conjugate photoelectrons, Equatorward of the trough in the Atlantic Ocean, North American longitude sector conjugate photoelectrons contribute significantly to the heating of electrons in the topside ionosphere. Much of the photoelectron energy is deposited at altitudes greater than 2500 km, then conducted along magnetic field lines into the ionosphere.
NASA Thesaurus
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Composition and Origin of Cosmic Rays
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Ettore Majorana Centre, Erice, Sicily, Italy, June 20-30, 1982
Plasma Chemistry - 2: Plasma Chemistry and Transport Phenomena in Thermal Plasmas
Plasma Chemistry - 2: Plasma Chemistry and Transport Phenomena in Thermal Plasmas presents the proceeding of the Second International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry, held in Rome, Italy, on September 18–23, 1975. This book discusses the thermodynamic state of chemically reacting plasmas, which are generally described by Pauli or Boltzmann kinetic equations. Organized into eight chapters, this compilation of papers begins with an overview of the influence of the plasma state by a superimposed laser radiation field. This text then examines the mechanisms of chemical transformations in electric discharges. Other chapters consider the successful exploitation of thermal plasmas in the field of high temperature chemistry. This book discusses as well the status of plasma processes involving mass transfer and heat, with reference to the processes of condensation, vaporization, and chemical reaction. The final chapter deals with plasma heating and spraying of various materials. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, metallurgists, and scientists.
Collisionless Shocks in Space Plasmas
An engaging introduction to collisionless shocks in space plasmas, presenting a complete review, from first principles to current research.
