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The Advances and Applications of Optogenetics
This book provides an update for the rapidly developing technology known as “optogenetics”, which is the use of genetically encoded light-sensitive molecular elements (usually derived from lower organisms) to control or report various physiological and biochemical processes within the cell. Two ongoing clinical trials use optogenetic tools for vision restoration, and optogenetic strategies have been suggested as novel therapies for several neurological, psychiatric and cardiac disorders. This Special Issue comprises two reviews and seven experimental papers on different types of light-sensitive modules widely used in optogenetic studies. These papers demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of optogenetics and are expected to be equally relevant for advanced users and beginners considering using optogenetic tools in their research.
Photomovement
This volume emphasizes the involvement of all facets of biology in the analysis of environmentally controlled movement responses. This includes biophysics, biochemistry, molecular biology and as an integral part of any approach to a closer understanding, physiology. The initial euphoria about molecular biology as the final solution for any problem has dwindled and the field agrees now that only the combined efforts of all facets of biology will at some day answer the question posed more than hundred years ago: "How can plants see?". One conclusion can be drawn from the current knowledge as summarized in this volume. The answer will most likely not be the same for all systems.
Targeting Ion Channels for Drug Discovery: Emerging Challenges for High Throughput Screening Technologies
Ligand and voltage-gated ion channels are highly regulated protein molecules that cross the cell membrane allowing ion flow from one side of the membrane to the other. They are ubiquitously expressed in human tissues and consist of one of the largest and best understood functional groups of proteins, with more than 400 members spanning nearly 1% of the human genome. They are involved in a variety of fundamental physiological processes, and their malfunction causes numerous diseases. In terms of the challenges faced in the effort to discover specific drugs in ancient and emerging diseases, ion channels are the third-largest class of target proteins after G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) an...
Recent Advances in Measuring and Controlling Synaptic Communication
Synapses represent a unique neuronal compartment specialized in communication. The morpho-functional investigation of the synapse has always been hindered by its tiny size and high density of molecular elements, but specific technological and methodological advances helped us to reduce these limitations. As the matter of fact, in recent years, we have witnessed the continuous development of new methods allowing measuring and controlling synaptic activation both in vitro and in vivo. These include new genetically encoded sensors of synaptic exo-endocytosis, but also engineered synaptic proteins able to inhibit the release of neurotransmitters. Furthermore, new promising tools allow changing t...
Bioassays
Bioassays: Advanced Methods and Applications provides a thorough understanding of the applications of bioassays in monitoring toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. It reviews the newest tests and applications in discovering compounds and toxins in the environment, covering all suitable organisms, from bacteria, to microorganisms, to higher plants, including invertebrates and vertebrates. By learning about newer tests, water pollution control testing can be less time and labor consuming, and less expensive. This book will be helpful for anyone working in aquatic environments or those who need an introduction to ecotoxicology or bioassays, from investigators, to technicians and students. - Features chapters written by internationally renowned researchers in the field, all actively involved in the development and application of bioassays - Gives the reader an understanding of the advantages and deficiencies of available tests - Addresses the problem of understanding the impact of toxins in an aquatic environment and how to assess them
Channelrhodopsin
This book merges approaches in understanding the function of the light-gated ion channels known as channelrhodopsin together with methods addressing how channelrhodopsins can be used to address biomedical questions on a cellular or organismal level. Since the first molecular identification of channelrhodopsins, a broad range of tools have been created and new approaches developed to both better understand the molecular determinants of channelrhodopsin function as well as to use these and homologous proteins from a variety of species as tools to better understand physiological processes, which this volume addresses. Additionally, channelrhodopsins have become instrumental as a potential treat...
CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, Volumes 1 & 2
The second edition of this best-selling handbook is bigger, more comprehensive, and now completely current. In addition to thorough updates to the discussions featured in the first edition, this edition includes 66 new chapters that reflect recent developments, new applications, and emerging areas of interest. Within the handbook's 145 critically r
Handbook of Photosensory Receptors
This first complete resource on photosensory receptors from bacteria, plants and animals compiles the data on all known classes of photoreceptors, creating a must-have reference for students and researchers for many years to come. Among the editors are the current and a former president of the American Society for Photobiology.
