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In recent years, ever more electronic devices have started to exploit the advantages of organic semiconductors. The work reported in this thesis focuses on analyzing theoretically the energy level alignment of different metal/organic interfaces, necessary to tailor devices with good performance. Traditional methods based on density functional theory (DFT), are not appropriate for analyzing them because they underestimate the organic energy gap and fail to correctly describe the van der Waals forces. Since the size of these systems prohibits the use of more accurate methods, corrections to those DFT drawbacks are desirable. In this work a combination of a standard DFT calculation with the inclusion of the charging energy (U) of the molecule, calculated from first principles, is presented. Regarding the dispersion forces, incorrect long range interaction is substituted by a van der Waals potential. With these corrections, the C60, benzene, pentacene, TTF and TCNQ/Au(111) interfaces are analyzed, both for single molecules and for a monolayer. The results validate the induced density of interface states model.
Opera and musical theater dominated French culture in the 1800s, and the influential stage music that emerged from this period helped make Paris, as Walter Benjamin put it, the “capital of the nineteenth century.” The fullest account available of this artistic ferment and its international impact, Music, Theater, and Cultural Transfer explores the diverse institutions that shaped Parisian music and extended its influence across Europe, the Americas, and Australia. The contributors to this volume, who work in fields ranging from literature to theater to musicology, focus on the city’s musical theater scene as a whole rather than on individual theaters or repertories. Their broad range enables their collective examination of the ways in which all aspects of performance and reception were affected by the transfer of works, performers, and management models from one environment to another. By focusing on this interplay between institutions and individuals, the authors illuminate the tension between institutional conventions and artistic creation during the heady period when Parisian stage music reached its zenith.
Developments in science and technology, demand-driven education and practices, climate change, the gradual decrease in natural resources, and economic constraints all combine to drive increased interest in research in architecture and urbanism at EU levels. In light of this, the EURAU conferences were initiated in 2004 to create a platform for researchers to share their own research outputs and knowledge, and to discuss problems emerging in architecture and urbanism with a view to develop solutions. This book brings together 19 selected papers delivered at the EURAU2014 Istanbul “Composite Cities” Conference, the primary aim of which was to provide a medium in which the complex relationships between urban form and urban experience could be discussed. The conference did this by examining four composite characters of today’s cities: the hybrid city, the morphed city, the fragmented city and the mutated city. The volume addresses the importance of research on the complexity of today’s cities, cities that are transforming on various levels from local to global, while also shedding light on new models of urbanism discussed together with new decision-making actors.
Reviewing recent progress in the fundamental understanding of the molecule-metal interface, this useful addition to the literature focuses on experimental studies and introduces the latest analytical techniques as applied to this interface. The first part covers basic theory and initial principle studies, while the second part introduces readers to photoemission, STM, and synchrotron techniques to examine the atomic structure of the interfaces. The third part presents photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy and electron spin resonance to study the electronic structure of the molecule-metal interface. In the closing chapter the editors discuss future perspectives. Written as a senior graduate or senior undergraduate textbook for students in physics, chemistry, materials science or engineering, the book's interdisciplinary approach makes it equally relevant for researchers working in the field of organic and molecular electronics.
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For several years the concept of "virtual client" or "virtual customer" has been part of the world of libraries and information services. This publication contains the proceedings of a satellite meeting on this topic, organized by the Management and Marketing Section of IFLA and held in Sao Paulo, Brazil in August 2004. It contains papers from more general points of views such as the democratization of access to digital information to more specific questions such as virtual libraries and new services, not forgetting user and librarian education, web site design, more specialized information, etc. The readers of these proceedings will find along these pages a very stimulating content which will guide them towards better services for virtual clients. Papers are presented in the original language of their presentation (Portuguese, French, Spanish and English) with summaries in these four languages.
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