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Spain has the most serious and persistent unemployment problem in Europe, with an unemployment rate that reached 24.6 percent in early 1994. This paper explores the characteristics of this unemployment problem, its causes, and provides a brief discussion of recent labor market reform measures and their likely Impact. A demographic shift in recent years has produced a large rise in female labor force participation and a decrease in agricultural jobs to which the economy has been unable to adjust. The effects of generous unemployment benefits and the large underground economy may explain 6–12 percentage points of the resulting unemployment, but the remainder must be explained by failures and...
Esta publicación es la suma de varias obras: un anuario estadístico de dos siglos combinado con una serie de estudios introductorios más guías de fuentes y bibliografías. El grueso de la obra lo constituyen más de cinco mil columnas de datos, referenciadas en índices analíticos, onomásticos y toponímicos que permiten indagar en la práctica totalidad de los ámbitos estudiados: el clima; la población y la salud; la educación; el sector agrario y la pesca; la industria; la urbanización y la vivienda; los transportes y las comunicaciones; el sector exterior; el sistema monetario y financiero; la empresa y la bolsa; la investigación y el desarrollo; el sector público administrati...
This book challenges the widely accepted notion that globalization encourages economic convergence--and, by extension, cultural homogenization--across national borders. A systematic comparison of organizational change in Argentina, South Korea, and Spain since 1950 finds that global competition forces countries to exploit their distinctive strengths, resulting in unique development trajectories. Analyzing the social, political, and economic conditions underpinning the rise of various organizational forms, Guillén shows that business groups, small enterprises, and foreign multinationals play different economic roles depending on a country's path to development. Business groups thrive when th...
A 2005 analysis of both the causes and consequences of the international expansion of Spanish multinational firms.
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Every year the GEM Spain team prepares a report on entrepreneurial activity in the country. After 23 years, it would seem unnecessary to explain why this report has become a fundamental tool for understanding the entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystem in our country. Or to have to explain why it is a vital reference for researchers, policy makers, entrepreneurs or anyone interested in business development. It is also well known that the GEM Spain Report analyses with scientific rigour the entrepreneurial phenomenon, activity, characteristics and context. It would be redundant to emphasise that its importance lies in the information it provides annually, giving a complete, detailed and up-to-date vision for designing effective policies and strategies to support and promote entrepreneurship in the country. However, it is important to remember how it is done year after year. In our country, the GEM report is developed in the Spanish Entrepreneurship Observatory through a network of 27 regional teams representing the entire Spanish territory, without whose effort and commitment all this would be impossible.