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Co-regulation of the Media in Europe
This publication is based on the discussions of a workshop organised by the European Audiovisual Observatory in September 2002, in collaboration with the Institute of European Media Law and the Institute for Information Law. It examines co-regulation as an alternative to traditional forms of media regulation (parliamentary acts, EU directives etc) in Europe, current examples of its use and possible areas of application, characteristics and legal requirements, benefits and risks associated with it. Topics discussed include: a comparison of co-regulation systems in relation to self-monitoring and self-regulation regimes, protection of human dignity, distribution of racist content, technical standards, the EU legal and policy framework, the Council of Europe approach, the implementation and enforcement of co-regulation codes in a transfrontier context, example texts for self-regulation and co-regulation in advertising, youth protection, hate speech, the independence of journalists and technical standards.
Collection
In the media law field, we are all confronted more and more frequently with the term horizontal regulation. What exactly is meant though by horizontal regulation? Does it already exist in the audiovisual field, particularly in EC law, and, if so, how does it work? What are its limitations? This edition provides some answers to these questions. In five articles, it describes "horizontal" rules in five different subject areas and compares and analyzes them.--Publisher's description.
Audiovisual Media Services Without Frontiers
The current ongoing revision of the EC's Television without Frontiers (TVwF) Directive clearly raises major questions for the future of the regulation of linear and non-linear services. However, it also gives rise to reflection concerning the Council of Europe's European Convention on Transfrontier Television (ECTT), a parallel regulatory instrument concerning cross-border broadcasting. At a time of major transformation of the European legal instruments which are applied to broadcasting and new audiovisual services, this new report from the European Audiovisual Observatory takes stock of recent and current problem areas in broadcasting regulation in the light of the challenges these will raise for the new extended regulation. The report analyses issues of the practical application of the TVwF Directive and the ECTT in their current form. It also raises the question of the future cohabitation of the two instruments following the completed revision of the TVwF Directive, not forgetting that there will clearly be a period where the two instruments will be "out of phase" with each other.
The Public Service Broadcasting Culture
Europe is marked by a great diversity in public service broadcasting culture which is a result of the different political, economic, cultural and social realities in different European countries. This publication examines the development of public service broadcasting, its current raison d'ãtre and its perspectives in the digital media era. It also addresses the demands and expectations placed on public service broadcasting: how are these demands expressed and how do today's broadcasters meet these demands? Fourteen European countries are covered in detail: Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, United Kingdom. The countries were chosen to provide an overview of the different regulatory models developed throughout Europe. Each contribution describes the foundations of the public service remit, the economic and financing model as well as the decision-making process. In addition, it examines the influence of a country's cultural, political or social aspects on the selection of the public service broadcasting system and its organisational structures.
Public Funding for Film and Audiovisual Works in Europe
This publication contains a comparative analysis of direct public funding mechanisms for film and audiovisual works in 35 European countries. About 1.3 billion EUR is given in support for films across Europe, with some 170 support bodies and around 600 different other aid programmes in existence. These differences stem from the individual histories of the European states themselves, but also such diversity acts as a way of underpinning a countrys cultural heritage. This report also sets out the European context of the funding and how this area has developed since 1963 up to the present. The report looks at reform of Euroimages, and at new laws introduced in Germany and Italy, along with an analysis of the role of private investors.
The New Cinema Communication
The European Commission adopted its much disputed new-look Cinema Communication in November 2013. This re-vamped legal instrument lays down the rules by which the EU judges whether or not European film funds comply with EU state aid rules. It finally saw the light of day following an uphill consultation process with the industry and decision-makers. Many stakeholders feared that new rules on territorial spending and the so-called subsidy race would scupper public film funding schemes. In its brand new IRIS plus report, the European Audiovisual Observatory looks at the contents of this new 2013 Cinema Communication while re-treading the road which led to its latest re-write. The Related Reporting section offers short articles on recent developments in European cinema legislation. The final Zoom section provides the Observatory's latest facts and figures on the cinema industry in Europe, including digital roll-out data.
Protection of Minors and Audiovisual Content On-demand
The use of audiovisual content services on-demand is catching up with traditional media at a dizzying speed. The growing popularity of on-demand services is based on extremely widespread use by young people, which raises the question of protection of minors from some of this on-demand media content. The protection of minors is a shared responsibility between the legislature and parents, but parents sometimes feel overwhelmed by this responsibility. This only serves to strengthen the role of the legislator when it comes to the protection of children. This IRIS Plus analyzes the protection of minors in the field of on-demand audiovisual content. It examines the position of the EU on this subject as well as the basic principles and specific rules contained in the different national systems.
European Audiovisual Observatory
Three volume set consists of: Vol. 1: Television in 36 European states; Vol. 2: Trends in European television; Vol. 3: Film and home video. All volumes are available individually. Parallel texts in English, French & German
