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Proceedings
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Academia and Trade
This first part of a 2-volume collection comprises a collection of essays in English by leading scholars on the 19th-century Academia and Trade presenting the latest developments in international scholarship on the numismatic world in the long 19th century. In the 19th century, developments in the study and collection of coins set the cornerstone for modern numismatics. This volume comprises a collection of essays in English by international leading scholars that highlight significant figures of the 19th-century research and the state of the numismatic trade in their time. Centering around collectors and scholars of ancient, medieval, and modern numismatics, and on non-Western coinage and medals against the backdrop of the political, cultural, economic, and social changes of the era, this book presents the latest scholarship on numismatics’ contribution to the cultural history of the 19th century. This volume is essential for students and scholars alike interested in 19th -century history and the history of coins.
The Medal
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Deuterium and Shift Calculation
In 1931 Vrey, Brickwedde, and Murphy discovered the hydrogen isotope deuterium. The isotopic enrichment was found to arise from the fact that the electrolysis oflight water is faster than of heavy water [1,2]. This success showed that although different isotopes of an element behave identically from a chemical standpoint the different isotopic masses nevertheless lead to both isotope effects on equilibrium as well as on rate constants of chemical reactions. Soon, ratios of equilibrium constants of isotopic reactions were called "equilibrium isotope effects" (EIE), ratios of isotopic rate constants "kinetic isotope effects" (KIE). Isotope effects have been found to be especially large for tho...
