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Proceedings
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Liberal Quakerism in America in the Long Nineteenth Century, 1790-1920
Thomas D. Hamm (Earlham College) argues that a self-conscious, liberal Quakerism emerged in North America between 1790 and 1920. It had three characteristics. The first was a commitment to liberty of conscience. The second was pronounced doubts about orthodox beliefs, such as the divinity of Christ. Finally, liberal Friends saw themselves as holding beliefs fully consistent with early Quakerism. Stirrings appeared as early as the 1790s. Hicksite Friends in the 1820s, although perceiving themselves as traditionalists, manifested all of these characteristics. When other Hicksites took such stances in even more radical directions after 1830, however, bitter divisions ensued. Orthodox Friends were slower to develop liberal thought. It emerged after 1870, as higher education became central to the Gurneyite branch of Orthodox Quakerism, and as some Gurneyites responded to influences in the larger society, and to the changes introduced by the advent of revivalism, by embracing modernist Protestantism.
Proceedings
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Jonathan Wright Plummer
The book about Jonathan Plummer comes out of my association with the Religious Society of Friends. This group attracted me because of their practice of silent group worship and a simple lifestyle. In this time of great national stress, the Quaker devotion to peace and their quiet service to mankind satisfies my sense that theirs is an appropriate response to the needs of our times. Jonathan Plummer was praised as one of the pioneers of the renaissance of the Society of Friends at the end of the 19th Century. He urged people to act on their faith, a venerated Quaker principle. He brought together seven Yearly Meetings from Illinois to New York and Philadelphia to devise ways to carry out Quak...
