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This study investigates the impact of the Pakistan Remittance Initiative (PRI) on remittance flows to Pakistan. In 2009, the Government of Pakistan launched the PRI aimed at facilitating the flow of remittances sent home by non-resident Pakistanis. The PRI is comprised of multiple incentive schemes that are aimed at making remittance transfer faster, cheaper, and more convenient, and at increasing the attractiveness of formal channels of transfer relative to informal channels. I find that the PRI is associated with a significant increase in the formal remittances sent to Pakistan as well as a strong shift in the channels used for remit-tance transfer. Estimates suggest that while the PRI led to a significant reallocation of remittances away from the informal channel to the formal channel, it is not clear that it has increased the total amount of remittances received.
"This accessible and topical book offers insights to policy makers in both industrialized and developing countries as well as to scholars and researchers of economics, development, international relations and to specialists in migration."--BOOK JACKET.
International migration is favoured by the governments of many poorer countries despite often well-publicized abuses affecting individual migrant workers. Not only is local unemployment reduced but also it is expected that the migrants will learn new skills, with many even becoming entrepreneurs on their return home. Meantime they are seen as a source of foreign remittances, providing needed capital for economic development. Such is the attitude in Pakistan from where thousands of migrant workers leave every year for the Gulf states especially. An anthropological study approaching this issue from a local (village) level, this book focuses on two areas of the Punjab. Describing the historical...
This open access volume is the first comprehensive assessment of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. It comprises important scientific research on the social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainable mountain development and will serve as a basis for evidence-based decision-making to safeguard the environment and advance people’s well-being. The compiled content is based on the collective knowledge of over 300 leading researchers, experts and policymakers, brought together by the Hindu Kush Himalayan Monitoring and Assessment Programme (HIMAP) under the coordination of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). This assessment was conducted between 2...
As an emerging material platform, multifunctional coordination materials offer many advantages such as remarkable porosity, structural flexibility, crystallinity, and modifiable functionalities that render them highly suited to generate and store green energy. This book covers the design and fabrication approaches of multifunctional coordination materials for green energy-related technologies, including batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, and nanogenerators. • Discusses fundamentals of multifunctional coordination materials. • Explains vital synthesis and design techniques as well as theoretical modeling. • Offers a comprehensive overview of preparation, structural and morphological properties, and applications in a wide variety of energy production, energy storage, and energy device technologies. • Assesses environmental impacts, recycling, challenges, and future perspectives. Multifunctional Coordination Materials for Green Energy Technologies is an ideal reference for advanced students and researchers working in materials engineering, including new catalyst development, battery design, and related areas.
The book was written in Persian language by the author Abul Hasan Kubravi lately translated in to Urdu language by Dr. Sayida Ruqaya HOD Persian Deptt. University of Kashmir and subsequently translated in to English by Sayid Ashraf Shah for the benefit of English readers. The book contains the biographies of the saints with their spiritual lineages. The book has been dedicated by the author to the great spiritual saint Shaikh Ashraf Fatehkadli known as Asha Baba to people.
This volume studies the migration of more than one million Pakistani workers to the oil-exporting countries of the Middle East. It examines the critical role that the providing of jobs and foreign exchange play in Pakistan's economy. The author focuses on the decentralized nature of the migration to the Arab Gulf, showing what he believes to be important implications for the political, economic, and social development of Pakistan. The first book on this subject devoted solely to Pakistan, its interdisciplinary approach will make it accessible to scholars in political science, international relations, economics, sociology, as well as the general reader.
Attempts To List Some Bewildering Recent Changes In Afghanistan, Affecting Both People And Place. Has A Brief Compendium Of Names And Places In Contemporary Afghanistan Details Of All Cabinet Members And Views Of Afghan Delegates Who Altered The Loya Jirga In Kabul In 2002. Contains Relevent U.N. Documents.