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Cancer Genomics
Cancer Genomics addresses how recent technological advances in genomics are shaping how we diagnose and treat cancer. Built on the historical context of cancer genetics over the past 30 years, the book provides a snapshot of the current issues and state-of-the-art technologies used in cancer genomics. Subsequent chapters highlight how these approaches have informed our understanding of hereditary cancer syndromes and the diagnosis, treatment and outcome in a variety of adult and pediatric solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The dramatic increase in cancer genomics research and ever-increasing availability of genomic testing are not without significant ethical issues, which are address...
Cancer Genomics
From the first descriptions of cancer in Egypt around 3000 BC to our current “one week” whole-genome sequence, the history of integrating new ideas into the practice of medicine has been unrelenting, although not without its failures as well its successes. This chapter represents a brief historical summary of some of the key success stories in our understanding of cancer that has led to our current age of cancer genomics. As the Chinese proverb states, “When you drink from the well, remember who dug it”, and reflecting on this rich and varied history, we conclude the chapter with a discussion of current and future challenges to the application of our new and developing understanding of cancer genomes to patient therapy.
The Functional Nucleus
This book gives an in-depth overview on nuclear structure and function. It clearly shows that the epigenome and the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus are not independent properties. The intimate relationship between the location and the epigenetic modifications of gene loci is highlighted. Finally, it shows that the complex three-dimensional organization of the nucleus is not just of academic interest: The structure, composition and function of virtually all of the sub-nuclear compartments identified so far can be implicated to a list of human genetic diseases. Hence, a detailed elucidation of how these domains are assembled and function will provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in clinical practice.
Cancer Genomics
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Although early diagnosis, outcome prediction and treatment options are the ultimate objectives when assessing breast cancer patients, the methodology behind this clinical assessment varies and has gradually evolved from using standard clinical criteria into incorporating high-throughput genome-wide analysis. Early methods involved evaluating tumor size and spread as well as histological assessment (tumor grade). Later, the expression of hormone/growth receptors (ER, PR, and HER2) was added to the standard stratification of breast cancer patients. More recently, molecular approaches, whic...
Cancer and Zebrafish
This volume focuses on defining the unique attributes of using the zebrafish cancer model for discovering important pathways and potential drug targets for the treatment of human cancers. Using the zebrafish model, the volume explores oncogene and tumor suppressor discovery, chemical genetic approaches, genomics, epigenetics, cancer imaging, and cell transplantation. Contributed chapters come from the most prominent laboratories working in this field, which provides a unique perspective on zebrafish models from a wide spectrum of the research community. In addition, the book offers a detailed analysis of the most current research in the area for specific zebrafish cancer models, including T cell leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, liver and pancreatic cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, germ cell tumors, and malignant peripheral sheath tumors. A chapter is also dedicated to the development and utilization of other piscine models of cancer. The compilation of chapters in the volume culminates into a comprehensive and definitive text on zebrafish and cancer, providing a much needed resource on the powerful attributes of the zebrafish model system.
Advances in Nuclear Architecture
This book provides a snapshot of the state-of-the art in the study of mammalian cell nuclear architecture, and features a diverse range of chapters written by top researchers. A key aspect is an emphasis on precise and repeatable quantitative analysis and simulation in addition to the more familiar biological perspective. The fusion of such material frames the future of the discipline. Quantitative contributions stress reproducible and robust 3D analysis, using a variety of tools ranging from point pattern analysis to shape registration methods. Biological insights include the role of nuclear subdomains in cancer, nuclear molecular motors, and a holistic view of gene transcription.
Essentials of Genomics and Bioinformatics
Provides an overview of the rapidly evolving field of genomics with coverage of nucleic acid technologies, proteomics and bioinformatics. It includes chapters on applications in human health, agriculture and comparative genomics and also contains two chapters on the legal and ethical issues of genomics, a topic that is becoming increasingly important as genomics moves out of the laboratory into practical applications.
Grappling with the Multifaceted World of the DNA Damage Response
DNA damage is a major threat to genomic integrity and cell survival. It can arise both spontaneously and in response to exogenous agents. DNA damage can attack most parts of the DNA structure, ranging from minor and major chemical modifications, to single-strand breaks (SSBs) and gaps, to full double-strand breaks (DSBs). If DNA injuries are mis-repaired or unrepaired, they may ultimately result in mutations or wider-scale genome aberrations that threaten cell homeostasis. Consequently, the cells elicit an elaborate signalling network, known as DNA damage response (DDR), to detect and repair these cytotoxic lesions. This Research Topic was aimed at comprehensive investigations of basic and novel mechanisms that underlie the DNA damage response in eukaryotes.
Genomic Instability and Cancer Metastasis
Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality associated with cancer, and tumor genomic heterogeneity is a likely source for the cells that support cancer progression, resistance to therapy, and disease relapse. This book connects cancer metastasis with genomic instability in a comprehensive manner. Section 1 outlines the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these cellular and tissue phenotypes. Section 2 discusses in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used for the experimental study of these processes. Section 3 reviews emerging themes (ex., microenvironment, mechanotransduction, and immunomodulation), and Section 4 highlights new therapeutic approaches to overcome the unique challenges presented by the heterogeneous and metastatic tumor. This book is intended for undergraduates and postgraduates with an interest in the areas of medicine, oncology, and cancer biology as well as for the content expert searching for thorough reviews of current knowledge in these areas.
