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It is a translation of (Cevap Veremedi) into English. Harputlu Ishâk Effendi explains how the Bible - the true book revealed to Isa 'alaihis-salam - was distorted; how words that belonged to people were put into firstly written four Gospels; that the theory of trinity is erroneous; the belief of Tawhid (the unity of Allahu ta’ala) in Islam. Besides, a few very precious letters - a food of a soul by Muhammad Ma’sûm-î Fârûkî - take place. Information about Judaism, Torah and Talmud is also given.
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This dissertation examines the role of the janissaries in social and political life of the early nineteenth century Istanbul. In contrast to the mainstream historiography which has treated the Janissary Corps exclusively as a military institution, this study attempts to explore social and political functions of the janissaries within the Ottoman polity. The involvement of the janissaries in crafts, commerce and agriculture in growing numbers, which became noticeable in the early seventeenth century, resulted in their integration into civil life. By the early nineteenth century, 'janissary' as a social category included different members of urban society from daily wage workers to small merchants in Istanbul.
Dealing with the roles of the Bektāshīs in Turkey's recent history, especially in its National Struggle (1918-1923) as well as their situation in late 19th and early 20th centuries Ottoman Empire, this volume is packed with well documented historical information on individuals who belonged or claimed to belong to the Bektāshī milieu, and contains many documents and several pictures hitherto unknown. It also treats the roles of the other Sufi orders in the National Struggle to emphasize its thesis that the Bektāshīs acted not differently during the National Struggle. It sheds lights on many unknown aspects of Turkey's National Struggle and brings new commentaries on Turkey's official policies regarding the Bektāshīs and Alevis.
This book, first published in 2006, is an account of the theory and practice of Islamic criminal law.