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In June 1879, Royal MS 16 E VIII, a unique 13th-century manuscript, vanished from the Round Reading Room of the British Museum after being returned by a Prussian reader. This essay synthesises 20 years of rigorous research since the author's previous publications, offering new insights into this significant case. The study examines the intense academic rivalries between German and French scholars after the Franco-Prussian War and the profound cultural significance of Royal MS 16 E VIII, which contained the sole copy of "Le Voyage de Charlemagne à Jérusalem et à Constantinople," believed to be the oldest poem in French literature. It highlights key figures, including the Prussian philologist Eduard Koschwitz and Herr Rothe, J.R.R. Tolkien’s teacher at KES, and provides a detailed textual reconstruction of the lost manuscript. Aimed at historians, philologists, and medievalists, this updated work illuminates the impact of the Franco-Prussian War on academic nationalism and cultural heritage. It is an indispensable resource for understanding a pivotal moment in the history of Europe and the British Museum.
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In 1921, Anton Baumstark delivered two lectures on the development of the Roman Rite to a gathering at the Abbey of Maria Laach. Abbot Ildefons Herwegen offered to publish those lectures, but Baumstark decided to write a book on the topic instead, which was published two years later as On the Historical Development of the Liturgy. It would be another sixteen years before he produced Comparative Liturgy, for which he is better known. Together the two books lay out Baumstark's liturgical methodology. Comparative Liturgy presents his method; On the Historical Development of the Liturgy offers his model. For nearly a century, On the Historical Development of the Liturgy has been valued by specialists in the field of liturgical studies, both for its description of comparative liturgy and for the portrayal of patterns Baumstark discerns in liturgical development. Also significant are the hypotheses Baumstark proposes and the evidence he brings to bear on problems in liturgical history. In this annotated edition, Fritz West provides the first English translation of this work by Anton Baumstark.