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Standing to Enforce European Union Law Before National Courts
Based on author's thesis (doctoral - Universitetet i Oslo, 2018).
Standing to Enforce European Union Law before National Courts
Access to court has long been recognised as an essential element of a Union based on the rule of law. This book asks, how can Member States ensure that their rules on standing guarantee that right? The book answers this question by analysing the requirements of EU law from two angles: first, the effective protection of Union rights; second, the effectiveness of Union law per se. With detailed case law examination, the book formulates an autonomous Union law doctrine of standing based on the principle of effective judicial protection. It then goes further, setting out an effectiveness test of Member States' enforcement mechanisms, to ensure that EU law is rendered operative in practice. This is a rigorous study on a question of immense importance.
Compliance with European Consumer Law
European Consumer Law has adapted and evolved in response to the rapid growth of e-commerce in the last two decades. Compliance with European Consumer Law: The Case of E-Commerce examines the evolving legal framework at the EU and national levels - from mandatory disclosures to unfair contract terms - and analyses the extent to which scientifically grounded evidence or theories underpin these legislative choices. At the heart of the book lies an original, data-driven inquiry assessing compliance among e-commerce traders with consumer protection rules. The empirical analysis investigates whether 300 traders from four jurisdictions (France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) com...
The EFTA Court
The EEA Agreement extends the four freedoms (persons, goods, services and capital) to Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. It provides for equal conditions of competition and abolishes discrimination on grounds of nationality. The EFTA Court, celebrating its 30th anniversary in 2024, has jurisdiction over parties to the Agreement. This jurisdiction corresponds to that of the Court of Justice of the European Union over EU Member States in matters of EEA law. This collection of essays, written by members of the Court and external experts, reviews the successes and shortcomings of the Court, its interface with EU law, and its future development.
The Human Rights Accountability Mechanisms of International Organizations
International organizations are becoming increasingly powerful. Today, they affect the lives of individuals across the globe through their decisions and conduct. Consequently, international organizations are more capable of violating the human rights of individuals. But how can they be held to account for such violations? This book studies the procedural mechanisms that may hold international organizations to account for their human rights violations. It establishes a general framework for identifying, analyzing, and assessing the accountability mechanisms of international organizations. This general framework is then applied to three distinct cases: the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy missions, refugee camp administration by the UNHCR, and detention by the International Criminal Court. The overall conclusion is that none of the existing accountability mechanisms across the three cases fulfill the normative requirements set out in the general framework. However, there are significant variations between cases, and between different types of accountability mechanisms.
The Application of Teachings by the International Court of Justice
How do the judges of the International Court of Justice, the most authoritative court in international law, use teachings when deciding cases? This book is the first book-length examination of how teachings are used in an important international institution. It uses three different methodologies: a traditional legal analysis, an empirical analysis where citations of teachings are counted and interviews with judges and staff. Three main patterns are identified: teachings have generally low weight, but this weight varies between different works and between different judges. The book suggests explanations for the patterns it identifies, in order to contribute to understanding not only when and how teachings are used, but also why, and compares the Court's practice with that of other international courts and tribunals. This study fills a gap in the international legal literature and will be essential reading for scholars and practicing international lawyers.
Automated Decision-Making and Effective Remedies
This timely book explores the legal and practical challenges created by the increasingly automated decision-making procedures underpinning EU multilevel cooperation, for example, in the fields of border control and law enforcement. It argues that such procedures impact not only the rights to privacy and data protection, but fundamentally challenge the EU constitutional promise of effective judicial protection
Fertile Links? Connections Between Tourism Activities, Socioeconomic Contexts and Local Development
In many European regions, rural areas are facing major challenges in economic and social terms, consequence of transformations in the role and meaning of agriculture. The loss of the productive character strongly contributed to the emergence of new roles and functions, particularly related to leisure and tourism. The book aims to discuss questions directly related to the connections between rural tourism and local socioeconomic contexts, presenting diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives and diff erent case studies from various European regions. The book addresses the relationships among rural tourism and the complex interactions, confl icts and innovative processes developing in rural territories as consequence of the implementation of tourism activities. The book responds to some relevant and not yet comprehensively researched aspects within this topic, especially in what extent tourism, in its various forms and processes, might give an important contribution to rural development.
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Data Analytics in Medicine
""This book examines practical applications of healthcare analytics for improved patient care, resource allocation, and medical performance, as well as for diagnosing, predicting, and identifying at-risk populations"--
