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The Changing Japanese Labor Market
This book reappraises the Japanese employment system, characterized by such practices as the periodic recruiting of new graduates, lifetime employment and seniority-based wages, which were praised as sources of high productivity and flexibility for Japanese firms during the period of high economic growth from the middle of the 1950s until the burst of bubbles in the early 1990s. The prolonged stagnation after the bubble burst induced an increasing number of people to criticize the Japanese employment system as a barrier to the structural changes needed to allow the economy to adjust to the new environment, with detractors suggesting that such a system only serves to protect the vested interests of incumbent workers and firms. By investigating what caused the long stagnation of the Japanese economy, this book examines the validity of this currently dominant view about the Japanese employment system. The rigorous theoretical and empirical analyses presented in this book provide readers with deep insights into the nature of the current Japanese labor market and its macroeconomic impacts.
Inventories in Developing Countries
High inventory levels in developing countries increase the cost of doing business and limit productivity and competitiveness. Improvements in infrastructure (roads, ports, and telecommunications) and in market development can help to significantly reduce inventory levels (and thus the cost of doing business), especially when accompanied by effective regulation and the development and deregulation of associated markets.
Just-in-case Inventories
The authors find that raw materials inventories in the manufacturing sector in the 1970s and 1980s were two to three times higher in developing countries than in the United States, despite the fact that in most developing countries real interest rates were at least twice as high. Those significantly high levels of inventories are a burden and an obstacle to country competitiveness and need to be addressed. Poor infrastructure and ineffective regulation, as well as deficiencies in market development, rather than the traditional factors used in inventory models (such as interest rates and uncertainty), are the main determinants and explain these differences. Cross-country estimations show that a one standard deviation worsening of infrastructure increases raw materials inventories by 11 percent to 37 percent, and a one standard deviation worsening of markets increases raw materials inventories by 18 percent to 37 percent. These findings are robust across a number of different proxies and specifications, including an industry-level specification that controls for fixed country effects.
International Bibliography of Economics 1994
The IBSS is the essential tool for librarians, university departments, research institutions and any public or private institutions whose work requires access to up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge of the social sciences.
Ageing and the Labor Market in Japan
This book is a concerted attempt by economists to investigate and offer remedies for some of the difficulties associated with an ageing labor market.
Housing Markets and Household Behavior in Japan
This book addresses essential questions about housing by building theoretical models based on various real world problems in Japan and testing these models using econometric methods. Almost all related empirical analyses use Japanese household longitudinal data. Accordingly, the author analyzes whole aspects of the data, based on an understanding of the actual situation, theory, and empirical analysis, to directly derive a vision of a future housing policy. Why are houses expensive and difficult to obtain in Japan? Why do people have to live in small houses? Why do people not relocate frequently? Why is the earthquake insurance subscription rate so low, particularly in an earthquake-prone co...
Income and Wealth
Income and wealth have long formed an important focus for economic research, with economists keen to answer the following kinds of question: Why do we pay people who work equally hard different levels of income? Why are some workers more motivated than others? How does the market economyprovide jobs that meet the expectations of experienced workers? What is the relationship between economic growth and income distribution? Why do people save? Are there any market forces which restrain the tendency towards cumulation of wealth by individuals and enhancement of inequality overgenerations?In this book, Tsuneo Ishikawa systematically examines and evaluates the economic arguments arising from thes...
Who Runs Japanese Business?
This work looks at the nature of Japanese firms, aiming to shed light on the reasons for promotion within firms, the distribution of power within companies, business management methods and the relationship between shareholders, executives and employees.
Discussion Paper
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