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In the field of heterogeneous catalysis. it is convenient to distinguish. in a perfectly unjustified and over··simplified way. bet:leen metal catalysts. 2nd the other catalysts. The fj.J"st are easy to define : they are those in which a reduced metal is the active phase. It is thus easy to circumscribe. by exclusion, the other class namely the "non-metals". We have adopted this definition for the sake of our colleagues working on catalysis by metals, and to avoid a lengthy title like "sm' face pl"operties and catalysts by transi tion metal oxides. sulftdes, carbides, nitriles, etc. Defined in this manner, non-metal catalysts represented, in 1980, 84 wt. % of the industrial heterogeneous catalysts. To be more specific, this proportion corresponds to catalysts which, under the working conditions in the industrial ?lant. contain their catalytically active metallic elements in a non-reduced state. It should however be recalled that most metal catalysts are supported on oxides, which, often, repl'esent over 90% (sometimes 99.4% in the case of the platinum reforming catalysts) of the total weight.
Solid catalysts play a fundamental role in all areas between basic research and industrial applications. This book offers a large amount of information about the preparation of solid catalysts. All types of solid catalysts and all important aspects of their preparation are discussed. The highly topical contributions are written by leading experts in disciplines ranging from solid state, interface and solution chemistry to industrial engineering. The straightforward presentation of the material and the comprehensive coverage make this book an essential and indispensible tool for every scientist and engineer working with solid catalysts.
These proceedings reflect the important role of catalysis in petroleum refining and the effects of factors such as environmental legislation on the industry. They also show the emergence of significant scientific expertise in the Middle East - the cradle of the oil industry. Participants from all over the world took part in the meeting and the book contains a well-balanced selection of articles from both academia and industry. Current trends in the oil industry focused attention mainly on heavy end hydrotreating, but other processes also gained their share of attention. An invaluable feature of the meeting was the two panel discussions where participants took the opportunity to obtain advance on many real and immediate problems.
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Spectroscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with the applications of spectroscopy in heterogeneous catalysis. The concepts and capabilities of a particular technique, experimental procedures, and examples of all proven or potentially important applications are discussed. The use of spectroscopic measurements in guiding empirical approaches to applied problems and to fundamental studies of the chemical identity of catalytic surfaces is also described. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the scope of spectroscopy in catalysis and applications of spectroscopy to zeolite catalysts. The following chapters focus on infrared spectroscopy, with emphasis on the ...
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Offers detailed studies of beer and its production as well as its commercial and economic aspects. All beverages worldwide which are beer-like in character and alcoholic content are reviewed. The book delineates over 900 chemical compounds that have been identified in beers, pinpoints their sources, gives concentration ranges, and examines their influence on beer quality. This work is intended for brewing, cereal and food chemists and biochemists; composition, nutrition, biochemical, food and quality assurance and control engineers; nutritionists; food biologists and technologists; microbiologists; toxicologists; and upper level undergraduate and continuing-education students in these disciplines.
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Piperidine-Based Drug Discovery outlines the complexities of Piperidine scaffold use in drug discovery, including derivative chemistry, structural properties, methods of synthesis and practical implementations. Piperidine scaffolds are the cornerstones of over 70 commercialized drugs (including multiple blockbusters). Designed as a guide for both experts and students working in this and related areas, it is hoped that this volume will encourage and inspire the continued design and development of novel pharmaceuticals based on Piperidine and its derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds are of central importance to medicinal chemistry, as demonstrated by the high percentage of marketable drugs that...