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Analysis of needs for enforcement of PFAS in articles and chemical products
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2024-510/ Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of substances that have been widely used for decades due to their surface-active properties. However, their characteristic resistance to degradation in combination with other properties of concern for human health and the environment has resulted in regulatory actions such as restrictions towards this group of substances, in the EU and globally. Compliance with restrictions as well as enforcement by authorities is key to reduce intentional use of restricted PFAS in articles and chemical products. To analyse PFAS accurately, robust and reliable analytical methods are required. This report evaluates the current situation related to PFAS-analyses and enforcement (including challenges and needs) and propose measures/strategies to enable and/or improve enforcement of, and compliance with current and future, PFAS restrictions.
Analytical Methods for PFAS in Products and the Environment
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-510/ Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of substances that have been widely used in articles since many years. They are found wherever extreme conditions prevail and particularly high demands are placed on materials. Their use spans over many different sectors ranging from fire-fighting foams to the manufacture of everyday articles like water-repellent outdoor jackets or stain-proofing agents.On the other side, PFASs are not easily degradable and can remain in the environment for decades. In addition, the use of PFASs has raised human and environmental concerns. In Europe, some PFASs are therefore classified as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) under the REACH Regulation. The following report provides an overview of currently available analytical methods for PFASs in different matrices.
The Seventh Etching
A historic family drama based in and near 1640 Amsterdam, the wealthiest city on earth at the time, The Seventh Etching tells the story of two families over a one-year period. Both Griet and Johannes Verhoeven, farmers, in their early 20's and Jos and Myriam Broekhof, wealthy merchants in their 30's, face devastating losses that threaten their livelihoods and their marriages. After a major flood, Griet and Johannes attempt to rebuild two combined family farms - a unique, promising inheritance that initially brought them together, but now overwhelms them. Myriam secretly sells her husband's valuable art collection to build a hidden monument to her deceased daughter. Jos suffers despair and defeat as he combs every corner of the city in his obsessive attempt to complete a set of playfully erotic etchings. It is a six-year old Gypsy orphan, Nelleke, who connects the two couples. Sprightly and spirited, Nelleke both delights and exasperates. Might this mysterious child have the power to heal struggling adults and find the permanent home she seeks? Does she, innocently and unknowingly, hold the clue to the missing etching, as Jos suspects?
Art at Auction in 17th Century Amsterdam
In this study of Amsterdam's Golden Age cultural elite, John Michael Montias analyzes records of auctions from the Orphan Chamber of Amsterdam through the first half of the seventeenth century, revealing a wealth of information on some 2,000 art buyers' regional origins, social and religious affiliations, wealth, and aesthetic preferences. Chapters focus not only on the art dealers who bought at these auctions, but also on buyers who had special connections with individual artists.
Oud-Holland
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Oud Holland
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