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The Mammary Gland / Human Lactation / Milk Synthesis
Lactation: A Comprehensive Treatise, Volume IV, The Mammary Gland/Human Lactation/Milk Synthesis, forms the fourth in a series. When the first three volumes were published in 1974, publication of future volumes was not contemplated. However, the gratifying acceptance by the scientific community and the continuation of rapid advances in lactation, have provided the impetus for the continuation of the series. The present volume is concerned with general aspects of the mammary gland, human lactation, and mechanisms of milk synthesis. The volume is divided into three main parts. Part I covers some aspects of the mammary gland and lactation not discussed in the first three volumes and expands on others. Topics discussed include the development of the mammary apparatus and neuroendocrine control of lactation. Part II is devoted to more specific consideration of human lactation as a whole. It includes studies on breast feeding and the breast cancer process. Part III on milk synthesis deals with the mechanisms of milk synthesis; enzymology and control of lactose biosynthesis; molecular aspects of milk protein biosynthesis; and ion and water transport in the mammary gland.
Foetal Autonomy
The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Placental Signals
The third meeting of the European Placenta Group and the Rochester Trophoblast Conference in 1989 was concerned with placental communication; this volume presents selected contributions from the meeting, in four thematic sections: Growth, Differentiation, and Establishment of Pregnancy; Signals which regulate Placental Gonadotropin and Lactogen Secretion; Trophoblastic Signal Mechanisms, and Signals and Placental Vasculature.
Lactation
Abstract: A comprehensive summary of scientific knowledge concerning the physiological process of lactation is presented. Part I examines general aspects of mammary gland development, structure, function, and involution, as well as neuroendocrine control of lactation. Part II considers the morphological, biochemical, and hormonal changes accompanying human lactation and breastfeeding. The function of primate lactogenic hormones and the immunological role of leukocytes in mammary secretions are discussed. The relationship between lactation and breast cancer is also described. Part III reviews mechanisms of milk synthesis. Specific topics include lactose, milk protein, and phospholipid biosynthesis; composition and function of endomembranes in milk formation; ion, water, and calcium transport; mammary cell mitochondria; and nucleotides of mammary secretions.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Disorders
HOWARD C. TAYLOR, JR. Medicine, through its long history, has continually striven to enlarge its scope. Success in these endeavors has come in sudden bursts with long intervals of relative quiescence between. As a result of the spectacular discoveries in the basic sciences during the last decades, medicine is again in a period of revolutionary advance in many fields. One of these is the subject of this report, "The Intrauterine Patient." Until recently the fetus signalized his presence only by the mother's enlarging abdomen and by his own movements, perceived by the preg nant woman herself and evident to the examining midwife and physician. Later, the sounds of the fetal heart heard by auscultation and the varia tions in its rate became the single important means by which the welfare of the fetus might be roughly determined and threats to his survival per haps detected. Otherwise, the fetus remained isolated, his condition unknown and any therapy consequent on diagnosis, except for the induc tion or termination of labor, nonexistent.
Hormonal Control of Lactation
Research on the hormonal control oflactation - the subject of this monograph - has long been the major interest of this laboratory. Studies were initiated in the mid 1930s by the late Professor S. 1. Folley, FRS, who directed the work with immense enthusiasm and devotion until his untimely death in 1970. This fruitful area of basic and applied research has, in recent years, attracted widespread attention; there have been many exciting events and developments with a dramatic increase in the number of publications. These events are diverse and include the identification, isolation and sequencing of human prolactin; the identification and isolation of placentallactogens in several ruminant spec...
Hormones in Human Amniotic Fluid
This monograph represents the first comprehensive review of hormones in human amniotic fluid and includes data published up to and including 1980. Recently, more extensive use of amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis and evaluation of fetal lung maturation has shown that amniotic fluid hormone measurements can aid in the diagnosis of fetal and placental abnormalities. The material is presented in two main sections dealing with steroid and protein hormones. The methods of identification and quantitation are delineated, and the findings are discussed in relation to the clinical conditions. In addition, particular attention has been directed towards up-to-date review of the sources, metabolism a...
Prolactin
Lactogenic hormone activity was first observed in bovine pituitary extracts by Stricker and Griiter in 1928, working in Bouin's laboratory in Strasbourg. Since that time prolactin has been shown to exist in anterior pituitary extracts of almost all vertebrate species investigated. Although its biology was extensively studied in many mammalian species, the existence of prolactin in the human was generally doubted, despite the positive evidence produced by such researchers as Pasteels. This can partly be explained by the fact that human growth hormone isolated in 1961, is itself a potent lactogen, in contrast to nonprimate growth hormones, and is present in the normal human pituitary in much g...
