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Understanding the structure and nature of movements within the Earth's crust has become increasingly important as we try to understand the history of the Earth and try to use this knowledge as a key to events in the future. This is especially relevant to those everincreasing communities populating the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This collection of papers deals with the tectonic modelling and evolution in some of the most seismically active regions in the world. Structural and stratigraphical analysis, together with geophysical, petrological and geochemical data give us some insight into tectonic events from the past and how they affected ancient landforms, and gives us a clearer understanding of earth movements and, therefore, allows us to predict catastrophic events such as earthquakes with greater accuracy.
This volume contains a collection of papers presented as distinguished guest lectures at the International Conference on ``The Origin of Arcs'' held at the University of Urbino in September 1986, under the joint sponsorship of the European Union of Geosciences and the Italian Geological Society. The workshop on island and mountain arcs has been organized with the aim of increasing our understanding of the intrinsic nature of orogenic and post-orogenic processes, on the basis of empiric factual data, rather than particular theoretic models. Quite often a trivial piece of field data appears to bear much more weight than many fascinating hypotheses put forward by the human mind. This seems to b...
Geosynclines is devoted to the geosynclines concept, which states that the most elevated parts of the earth's crust—the mountains—had risen by a gigantic inversion of relief from the more depressed regions where they had originated. This book re-examines the concept in light of further geological evidence. The book is organized into four parts. Part I presents a detailed account of the birth and development of the geosynclinal concept. It shows that only the European (Alpine) concept of the geosyncline involves a fundamental palaeogeographical differentiation of mountain chains, and that it is from this standpoint that the American concept must be considered if it is to be placed in a more general framework. Part II attempts to define the geosynclinal concept in the Alpine sense of the term: i.e., in the light of current views on the Mediterranean chains of the Alpine cycle, which are the best documented. Part III collates the information acquired on the various aspects of geosynclines as exemplified by the Mediterranean chains of the Alpine cycle. Part IV discusses the degree to which the ""Alpine"" concept of the geosyncline may be extended in time.
From metamorphism to metamorphosis, there is only a shade of a nuance. Because me- morphic rocks are not only what they are, but also what they were, and they tell of what happened in between. What must be discovered: how to recognize in the butterfly, the caterpillar that was, or in the caterpillar the butterfly that will be? And how to describe the metamorphosis, excuse me, metamorphism which leads from one to the other? It is to this engaging history, this marvelous tale, written progressively over time, which Jacques Kornprobst leads us. If the sedimentary and magmatic rocks have been the object of reflection for a long time, for which a contradiction was established in the century in th...
Well over a century after Darwin gave biology its unifying theory of evolution, the earth sciences experienced a similar revolution and the theory of plate tectonics took hold. Plate tectonics posed the idea that the earth's crust is divided into a number of large, thin plates always in motion relative to one another. In The Behavior of the Earth, world-renowned earth scientist Claude Allègre sets forth the exciting events in this contemporary revolution from its first stirrings in the nineteenth-century and Alfred Wegener's original model of continental drift (1912) through the development of its full potential in modern plate-tectonic theory. Few scientific theories have been so all-encom...
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Stratigraphy defines the basis, concepts and methods of one of the oldest disciplines of Earth Sciences. Stratigraphy is a primary tool in dynamical and historical reconstructions in paleogeography, paleontology, tectonics, sedimentology as well as mineral prospecting. The first three chapters are devoted to the description of the main tools used to subdivide geological time and to construct a more precise chronologic scale. During this century this approach has been closely associated with the progress yielded by geochemistry, geophysics, plate tectonics, petroleum exploration and the Deep Sea Drilling Program. Correlation and dating, leading to reconstructions of paleogeography - a major step toward the knowledge of Earth history - is included. In a last chapter the principal stages of geohistory are described. Epoch for epoch plate dynamics, sea level and climate variations, environmental characters on continents and in oceans, and the link between cyclic interval activity, cosmic events and Earth history during the last 900 million years are outlined. Stratigraphical methods are then presented at their different scales of observation and synthesis.
大地就像一本內容豐富的書,透過地質,在動輒數以百萬年計的時間尺度中,發現專屬於這塊土地的故事與軌跡。而台灣別具一格的地質美景與資源,如何與在地結合,達到世界地質公園中「地景保育」、「環境教育」、「地質旅遊」與「社區參與」的核心價值,是此次的報導重點。 因此,本期《光華》從北至南,精選出北部海岸的野柳地質公園、鼻頭龍洞地質公園,雲林的草嶺地質公園,台東的利吉泥岩惡地地質公園,深入探訪其與社區、產業、旅遊及教育的關係,讓稀有地景的探索與人文結合,也讓閱讀充滿了驚喜與啟發。