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The Origin of Individuals
In the 17th century, Descartes put forth the metaphor of the machine to explain the functioning of living beings. In the 18th century, La Mettrie extended the metaphor to man. The clock was then used as the paradigm of the machine. In the 20th century, this metaphor still held but the clock was replaced by a computer. Nowadays, the organism is viewed as a robot obeying signals emanating from a computer program controlled by genetic information. This book shows that such a conception leads to contradictions not only in the theory of biology but also in its experimental research program, thereby impeding its development. The analysis of this problem is based on the most recent experimental dat...
Microbial Stress: From Sensing to Intracellular and Population Responses
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Phenotypic Switching
Phenotypic Switching: Implications in Biology and Medicine provides a comprehensive examination of phenotypic switching across biological systems, including underlying mechanisms, evolutionary significance, and its role in biomedical science. Contributions from international leaders discuss conceptual and theoretical aspects of phenotypic plasticity, its influence over biological development, differentiation, biodiversity, and potential applications in cancer therapy, regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy, among other treatments. Chapters discuss fundamental mechanisms of phenotypic switching, including transition states, cell fate decisions, epigenetic factors, stochasticity, protein-...
Tumour microenvironment in cancer research and drug discovery
The implication of tumour microenvironment (TME) on cancer progression and therapeutic response has profoundly shifted the paradigms of molecular cancer research and drug discovery. The intricate networks of immune-inflammatory cells and signalling, cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells and adipose cells are extensively researched for diagnostics, therapeutics and predictive values. This includes siRNA and miRNA nanotherapeutics targeting these molecular components, owing to their powerful gene-silencing properties. Despite the concerted effort in the development of drug targeting TME, such as BLZ945 (a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor), there is a void in clinically satisfactory drug to target this intricate factor, thus far.
Qu'est-ce que la science… pour vous ?
« Qu’est-ce que la science… pour vous ? » Telle est la question posée ici à des scientifiques, des philosophes, des historiens des sciences, des médiateurs et amateurs de sciences. Simple question certes, mais pas une question simple… Où est la vraie difficulté ? Définir la science ou accepter de se confier, loin du surplomb procuré par les piédestaux académiques ? C’est pourquoi les 50 auteurs de ce tome 1 apportent des réponses variées, contrastées, éclectiques, que l’on peut décrire selon un gradient allant des textes les plus intimes et personnels à ceux qui observent scrupuleusement les codes de la prose universitaire. C’est qu’il n’est pas aisé de se d...
L'ontophylogenèse
La biologie reconnaît deux entités dont l’existence semble une donnée immédiate de la perception et non une élaboration théorique ou le résultat d’une démarche expérimentale. Ce sont l’espèce et l’individu, dont on cherche à expliquer la genèse et le fonctionnement. Cette reconnaissance structure la biologie dans ses champs disciplinaires et dans ses théories. Elle aboutit à une séparation entre les disciplines qui concernent l’espèce (les sciences de l’évolution, la systématique...) et celles qui expliquent l’individu (l’embryologie, la physiologie...). De ce fait, l’évolution des espèces et le développement des organismes individuels sont considérés...
Biologie du XXIe siècle : évolution des concepts fondateurs
Cet ouvrage, destiné aux futurs biologistes et aux philosophes de la vie, a pour but de fournir des outils de réflexion pour comprendre l’origine des représentations et des métaphores explicatives des phénomènes biologiques utilisées quotidiennement dans les laboratoires, mais également pour questionner leur pertinence et leurs limites. Au-delà d’une simple description historique de l’évolution des concepts sur le vivant, il s’agit de soulever les limites des concepts, hérités des sciences de la nature, dans leur utilisation en biologie actuelle, et notamment en génétique moléculaire. Une argumentation de qualité, basée sur des données expérimentales, montre les limitations de ces concepts et de ces métaphores, notamment dans la compréhension dynamique et interactive des processus biologiques. Cette démarche est d’autant plus essentielle aujourd’hui dans une période où la biologie, et plus précisément la génétique, questionne ses concepts (limites du déterminisme) et repense ses cadres de pensée. Découvrez le chapitre 4 "Charles Darwin : sélection naturelle et hérédité" en lecture gratuite sur artelittera.com.
Adaptive Oncogenesis
Popular understanding holds that genetic changes create cancer. James DeGregori uses evolutionary principles to propose a new way of thinking about cancerÕs occurrence. Cancer is as much a disease of evolution as it is of mutation, one in which mutated cells outcompete healthy cells in the ecosystem of the bodyÕs tissues. His theory ties cancerÕs progression, or lack thereof, to evolved strategies to maximize reproductive success. Through natural selection, humans evolved genetic programs to maintain bodily health for as long as necessary to increase the odds of passing on our genesÑbut not much longer. These mechanisms engender a tissue environment that favors normal stem cells over pre...
Ecology and Evolution of Cancer
Ecology and Evolution of Cancer is a timely work outlining ideas that not only represent a substantial and original contribution to the fields of evolution, ecology, and cancer, but also goes beyond by connecting the interfaces of these disciplines. This work engages the expertise of a multidisciplinary research team to collate and review the latest knowledge and developments in this exciting research field. The evolutionary perspective of cancer has gained significant international recognition and interest, which is fully understandable given that somatic cellular selection and evolution are elegant explanations for carcinogenesis. Cancer is now generally accepted to be an evolutionary and ...
