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Mechanisms Driving Karyotype Evolution and Genomic Architecture
Understanding of the origin of species and their adaptability to new environments is one of the main questions in biology. This is fueled by the ongoing debate on species concepts and facilitated by the availability of an unprecedented large number of genomic resources. Genomes are organized into chromosomes, where significant variations in number and morphology are observed among species due to large-scale structural variants such as inversions, translocations, fusions, and fissions. This genomic reshuffling provides, in the long term, new chromosomal forms on which natural selection can act upon, contributing to the origin of biodiversity. This book contains mainly articles, reviews, and an opinion piece that explore numerous aspects of genome plasticity among taxa that will help in understanding the dynamics of genome composition, the evolutionary relationships between species and, in the long run, speciation.
Shrews, Chromosomes and Speciation
Presents new insights into speciation through an in-depth analysis of extraordinary chromosomal variation in one species written by leading experts.
Biodiversity of Vegetation and Flora in Tropical Africa
African ecosystems comprise a wealthy repository of biodiversity, with a high proportion of native and endemic plant species, which makes them biologically unique and providers of a wide range of ecosystem services. A large part of African populations, in both rural and urban areas, depend on plants for their survival and welfare, but many ecosystems are being degraded, mostly due to the growing impacts of climate change and other anthropogenic actions and environmental problems. Loss of habitat and biodiversity affects livelihoods, water supply and food security and reduces the resilience of ecosystems in the African continent. The knowledge about the great African plant and ecosystem diversity, and the structure, composition and processes involved in vegetation dynamics, is crucial to promote their sustainable use and to preserve one of the most understudied regions in the world. This Special Issue aimed to gather contributions that update and improve such knowledge.
Mammals and Birds as Bioindicators of Trace Element Contaminations in Terrestrial Environments
The population explosion that began in the 1960s has been accompanied by a decrease in the quality of the natural environment, e.g. pollution of the air, water and soil with essential and toxic trace elements. Numerous poisonings of people and animals with highly toxic anthropogenic Hg and Cd in the 20th century prompted the creation of the abiotic environment, mainly in developed countries. However, the system is insufficient for long-term exposure to low concentrations of various substances that are mainly ingested through food and water. This problem could be addressed by the monitoring of sentinels – organisms that accumulate trace elements and as such reflect the rate and degree of environmental pollution. Usually these are long-lived vertebrates – herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous birds and mammals, especially game species. This book describes the responses of the sentinels most commonly used in ecotoxicological studies to 17 trace elements.
Evolution of Shrews
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The Atlas of European Mammals
This volume presents maps of 194 species plotted on a 50km UTM grid and entirely based on field observations. Over 93,000 records are mapped with separate symbols for dat collected before or after 1970. Where appropriate, recent extinctions have been taken into account.
The Natural History of Shrews
'Churchfield . . . has provided a comprehensive volume that synthesizes a wealth of information about shrew ecology and life history.'--Choice In this book, Sara Churchfield offers an encyclopedic coverage of shrews, describing in great detail their life cycle and breeding biology. Her comprehensive treatment of these ubiquitous animals examines their life history, social organization, communication and orientation, food and foraging, energetics, community structure and habitat, and relationship to humans.
