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Environmental Impacts of Macroeconomic and Sectoral Policies
The importance of violence as a contributory factor to urban poverty in Jamaica has gone largely unresearched. This paper outlines the results of a study undertaken by the World Bank and the government of Jamaica to focus on the issue. The study uses a participatory urban appraisal methodology in five poor urban areas, mainly in Kingston, to identify and understand local community perceptions of four different aspects of violence: its causes; its interrelationship with poverty; its impact on employment, economic and social infrastructure, and local social institutions; and ways in which government, communities, households, and individuals can work to reduce it.
The Economics of the Tropical Timber Trade
There is genuine cause for concern over the excessive exploitation of tropical forest in many regions, but also many misconceptions about the causes and sources of thisexploitation. The Economics of the Tropical Timber Trade provides a detailed analysis of the economic linkages between the trade and forest degradation. Based on a report prepared for the ITTO, it looks at current and future market conditions and assesses the impacts on tropical forests of both the international timber trade and domestic demand. The authors examine the causes of deforestation and compare the environmental impacts of the timber trade with other factors, such as the conversion of the forest to agriculture. Finally, they assess the national and international trade policy options and discuss the potential role that interventions in the international timber trade may have in promoting efficient and sustainable use of forest resources. This book is of interest to those concerned with forest management and policy, trade and environment, and with the economics of conservation and resource use.
The World Bank Forest Strategy
This report assesses progress since the World Bank first issued its comprehensive Forest Strategy in 1991. It finds that the effectiveness of the strategy has been modest, and the sustainability of its impact is uncertain. The Report identifies seven factors that would make the World Bank forest strategy more pertinent to current circumstances as well as strengthening its ability to achieve its strategic objectives in the forest sector. It recommends that the World Bank use its global reach to address mechanisms for mobilisation of concessional international resources outside its normal lending activities. It also advises the World Bank to be proactive in establishing partnerships with all r...
Trade and Environment
Even though the interlinkage between trade and environment is obvious and important, it has been acknowledged as such only recently by the world community. Yet it is far from being truly addressed, as is indicated by the negotiations up to the Uruguay Round Final Act, signed in April 1994, as the most current example. Mankind remains faced with the crucial need of addressing this interlinkage -the objective to which this report is devoted. My own growing interest in this subject and the choice to work on and publish this report, which has been defended as my Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Vienna, has had a long personal history. Ultimately it was made possible by important teachers of mine -from primary and high school up to universities -, by colleagues and friends, but certainly also by my family -as each of them answered my questions and communicated their own ideas. Along the path of research it was only the specific support and inspiration of a large number of people in various different ways that made it possible for the report to now be in front of you in the current form.
The British Magazine
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Brownfields, Risk-Based Corrective Action, and Local Communities
Addresses the problems facing communities that suffer both environ. risks from past contamination and depressed economic activity. In such settings, redevelopment of contaminated sites and the associated economic development may require compromised standards for environmental mitigation. But partial cleanups can be shown to face inevitable failure at some future date. Thus, in such an approach, communities face risks that they should be capable of accepting or rejecting. The study considers these risks and assesses 4 alternative land use control strategies for assuring community participation in making decisions about both the cleanup process today and the response to risks of failure in the future. Illus. This is a print on demand report.
Protecting Biological Diversity
During the last ten years the enormous global loss of biodiversity has received remarkable attention. Among the numerous approaches undertaken to stop or lessen this process, access and benefit-sharing (ABS), a market-based approach, has emerged as among the most prominent. In theory, ABS turns biodiversity and genetic resources from an open access good to a private good and creates a market for genetic resources. It internalizes the resources’ positive externalities by pricing the commercial values for research and development and makes users pay for it. Users’ benefits are shared with the resource holders and set incentives for the sustainable use and the conservation of biodiversity. ...
Shifting Ground
Peter Lindert evaluates environmental concerns about soil degradation in two very large countries—China and Indonesia—where anecdotal evidence has suggested serious problems. In this book Peter Lindert evaluates environmental concerns about soil degradation in two very large countries—China and Indonesia—where anecdotal evidence has suggested serious problems. Lindert does what no scholar before him has done: using new archival data sets, he measures changes in soil productivity over long enough periods of time to reveal the influence of human activity. China and Indonesia are good test cases because of their geography and history. China has been at the center of global concerns abou...
Report
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