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This book presents the basics of quantum computing and quantum information theory. It emphasizes the mathematical aspects and the historical continuity of both algorithms and information theory when passing from classical to quantum settings. The book begins with several classical algorithms relevant for quantum computing and of interest in their own right. The postulates of quantum mechanics are then presented as a generalization of classical probability. Complete, rigorous, and self-contained treatments of the algorithms of Shor, Simon, and Grover are given. Passing to quantum information theory, the author presents it as a straightforward adaptation of Shannon's foundations to information...
In differential geometry and topology one often deals with systems of partial differential equations as well as partial differential inequalities that have infinitely many solutions whatever boundary conditions are imposed. It was discovered in the 1950s that the solvability of differential relations (i.e., equations and inequalities) of this kind can often be reduced to a problem of a purely homotopy-theoretic nature. One says in this case that the corresponding differential relation satisfies the $h$-principle. Two famous examples of the $h$-principle, the Nash–Kuiper $C^1$-isometric embedding theory in Riemannian geometry and the Smale–Hirsch immersion theory in differential topology,...
Game theory provides a mathematical setting for analyzing competition and cooperation in interactive situations. The theory has been famously applied in economics, but is relevant in many other sciences, such as psychology, computer science, artificial intelligence, biology, and political science. This book presents an introductory and up-to-date course on game theory addressed to mathematicians and economists, and to other scientists having a basic mathematical background. The book is self-contained, providing a formal description of the classic game-theoretic concepts together with rigorous proofs of the main results in the field. The theory is illustrated through abundant examples, applic...
Complex manifolds are smooth manifolds endowed with coordinate charts that overlap holomorphically. They have deep and beautiful applications in many areas of mathematics. This book is an introduction to the concepts, techniques, and main results about complex manifolds (mainly compact ones), and it tells a story. Starting from familiarity with smooth manifolds and Riemannian geometry, it gradually explains what is different about complex manifolds and develops most of the main tools for working with them, using the Kodaira embedding theorem as a motivating project throughout. The approach and style will be familiar to readers of the author's previous graduate texts: new concepts are introdu...
The aim of this book is to provide beginning graduate students who completed the first two semesters of graduate-level analysis and PDE courses with a first exposure to the mathematical analysis of the incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. The book gives a concise introduction to the fundamental results in the well-posedness theory of these PDEs, leaving aside some of the technical challenges presented by bounded domains or by intricate functional spaces. Chapters 1 and 2 cover the fundamentals of the Euler theory: derivation, Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives, vorticity, special solutions, existence theory for smooth solutions, and blowup criteria. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 cover ...
This book provides a comprehensive and user-friendly exploration of the tremendous recent developments that reveal the connections between real algebraic geometry and optimization, two subjects that were usually taught separately until the beginning of the 21st century. Real algebraic geometry studies the solutions of polynomial equations and polynomial inequalities over the real numbers. Real algebraic problems arise in many applications, including science and engineering, computer vision, robotics, and game theory. Optimization is concerned with minimizing or maximizing a given objective function over a feasible set. Presenting key ideas from classical and modern concepts in real algebraic...
The increased emergence of dual and multiple nationality in our globalized world has recently led to public and scholarly debates on a number of resulting practical questions. This book comprehensively evaluates the legal status of dual nationals on the basis of a comparative analysis, with emphasis on practice and law in the United States of America, the Federal Republic of Germany, Turkey and other selected countries, comprising contributions of both academics and practitioners. Among the legal subjects examined more intensively are the exercise of political rights by dual nationals, including voting and office holding, performance of military service, loss and withdrawal of citizenship, and effects of dual nationality on judicial cooperation, as well as aspects of private international law. The authors pay attention to developmental trends and legal changes in various countries, and also to the philosophical and theoretical perspectives underlying various practices. Specific recommendations for states dealing with dual nationality complete the investigation.
This book is the first comprehensive introduction to smooth ergodic theory. It consists of two parts: the first introduces the core of the theory and the second discusses more advanced topics. In particular, the book describes the general theory of Lyapunov exponents and its applications to the stability theory of differential equations, the concept of nonuniform hyperbolicity, stable manifold theory (with emphasis on absolute continuity of invariant foliations), and the ergodic theory of dynamical systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents. A detailed description of all the basic examples of conservative systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents, including the geodesic flows on compact surfaces ...