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Labor Contestation at Walmart Brazil
This book explores how and why the labor practices of the world’s largest employer, supermarket giant Walmart, were contested by unions and government regulators as it expanded to Latin America starting in the 1990s. With an in-depth case study of Brazil, and a comparative chapter examining Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, this book analyzes the problematic encounter between diffusion of home-office anti-labor practices and evolving national institutional contexts that are quite varied and in some cases enable considerable resistance by unions and/or regulators. Walmart’s “repressive familial” and “anti-union” model is found to generate costs and conflicts that contributed to its unprofitability and ultimate exit from Brazil in 2018. This experience, contrasted with country situations where Walmart’s overall competitive and labor and human resource practices “fit” better with national markets and institutions, underlines the brittle, problematic nature of diffusionist corporate models lacking adaptive capacity to significant cross-national variations across host countries.
Shifting States in Global Markets
Shifting States in Global Markets contributes to the debates over the political economy of globalization by focusing attention on the increasingly important role of subnational governments in implementing economic policies. Challenging the view that the effects of decentralization are positive or negative uniformly and can be explained by reference to the influence of national political institutions, Alfred Montero uses his comparisons of industrial policy in Brazil and Spain, and between different regions in these countries, to argue that we need to pay attention to political conditions at the subnational level to account for the variation in economic success between regions. Two crucial co...
MERCOSUR Economic Integration
In January 1992, the leaders of ASEAN gathered for their fourth summit meeting to sign an agreement called the Common Effective Preferential Tariff for the creation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area. The significance of this step arose notably from the fact that it formally marked the shift of the ASEAN economic enterprise from one of economic cooperation to one towards economic integration. Among the spurs that goaded ASEAN to undertake the shift was the rise of economic regionalism in several other parts of the world. One of those regions was the southern cone of Latin America, where the Treaty of Asuncin had been signed in 1991 to create the Mercado Comn del Sur (MERCOSUR), or Common Market of...
Transforming the Latin American Automobile Industry
This study looks at union responses to the changes in the Latin American car industry in the last 15 years. It considers the impact of the shift towards export production and regional integration, and the effect of political changes on union reponses.
Legalizing Transnational Activism
"Examines the effectiveness of the citizen-petition mechanisms established by North American Free Trade Agreement's parallel labor and environmental accords. Reconceptualizes the changing roles of international law and transnational activism in shaping global and domestic politics"--Provided by publisher.
Democratic Brazil
After 21 years of military rule, Brazil returned to democracy in 1985. Over the past decade and a half, Brazilians in the Nova República (New Republic) have struggled with a range of diverse challenges that have tested the durability and quality of the young democracy. How well have they succeeded? To what extent can we say that Brazilian democracy has consolidated? What actors, institutions, and processes have emerged as most salient over the past 15 years? Although Brazil is Latin America's largest country, the world's third largest democracy, and a country with a population and GNP larger than Yeltsin's Russia, more than a decade has passed since the last collaborative effort to examine ...
Crafting Coalitions for Reform
The success of political efforts to create a more open economy in Brazil over the past decade has depended crucially on support from the industrial sector, which long enjoyed the benefits of protection by the state from economic competition. Why businesses previously so sheltered would back neoliberal reform, and why opposition arose at times from sectors least threatened by free trade, are the puzzles this book seeks to answer. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews with industrialists and business association representatives, as well as a wide range of other sources, Peter Kingstone argues that the key to understanding the behavior of industrialists lies in the impact of four factors ...
Brazilian Foreign Policy in Changing Times
Brazilian Foreign Policy in Changing Times contributes both empirically and theoretically to the study of international relations. The book illuminates Brazilian foreign policy in the democratic era, a subject scarcely touched on elsewhere. This book also offers a new conceptualization of the debate on the path to an autonomous foreign policy.
Discussões Contemporâneas sobre Trabalho Escravo: Teoria e Pesquisa
Este livro é mais um fruto do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Trabalho Escravo Contemporâneo - (GPTEC), talvez a mais importante contribuição da Academia na luta contra o trabalho escravo. Os tópicos abordados nos diversos textos produzidos pelo grupo, divididos em seis seções temáticas, vão dos aspectos jurídicos da definição brasileira de trabalho forçado, passando pelos migrantes bolivianos escravizados no Brasil, pela especificidade do trabalho escravo nas áreas rurais, à questão da terceirização, entre muitos outros aspectos importantes para o entendimento desse que é o mais terrível efeito colateral do capitalismo. Um livro fundamental para qualquer pessoa que se interesse por entender o porquê de, em pleno século XXI, ainda haver no mundo 21 milhões de homens, mulheres e crianças submetidos ao suplício da escravidão. (fragmento do texto da quarta-capa, por Wagner Moura, autor e embaixador da OIT contra o trabalho escravo)
