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Free blacks in antebellum America lived in a twilight world of oppressive laws and customs designed to suppress their mobility and their integration into civil society. Free blacks were free only to the extent of white tolerance in their community or town. They were at the mercy of the lowest members of the dominant race who could punish them on a whim. They were, in the words of a 19th century European traveler to America, "masterless slaves." Nonetheless, many successful and even prominent blacks emerged from the mire of oppressive laws and general public disdain to realize major achievements. Though excluded from the political process, from education, and from most professions they became preachers, teachers, missionaries, contractors, artisans, boat captains, and wealthy entrepreneurs. Members of this twilight social and legal class, which numbered nearly a half million by 1860, made great accomplishments against strong opposition in the first half of the 19th century. The history of America and of American slavery is woefully incomplete without their story.
Includes entries for maps and atlases.
"The foundation for this work is the Muster of Jan 1624/25 which had never before been printed in full."--Page xiii, volume 1.
The costs of racially disparate patterns of police behavior are high, but the crime fighting benefits are low.
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The Georgia Coast is one the most intriguing areas of the United States. A land of sluggish rivers, murkey blackwater swamps, and studded with a string of islands, it is the home of a special breed of people. They are as wild, reckless, exciting, beautiful, and contradictory as the land itself. One thing is for sure: both natives and visitors love it. But the story of this land is one that is often known about only in legend and hearsay, in stories and novels, and even in a few dissertations.By focusing on James Hamilton Couper, James Bagwell paints a portrait of the Georgia Coast during the late eighteenth century through the middle of the nineteenth century. Couper's family was originally ...
Originally published: Cincinnati, Ohio: Betterway Books, 2000.