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During the last thirty years, most increases in agricultural production were achieved through high input agrieulture in areas with fertile soils and sufficient water. Intensive methods of production with high levels of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides were often accompanied by environmental degradation and in some instances by pollution of the food supply. However, rapid population growth has also led to increasing use of marginal lands, where adverse soil and climatic eonditions are serious constraints to food production. These areas are even more sensitive to ecological destabilization. Environmentally sound systems of food production and land use are essential for meeting the food secur...
The production of doubled haploids has become a necessary tool in advanced plant breeding institutes and commercial companies for breeding many crop species. However, the development of new, more efficient and cheaper large scale production protocols has meant that doubled haploids are also recently being applied in less advanced breeding programmes. This Manual was prepared to stimulate the wider use of this technology for speeding and opening up new breeding possibilities for many crops including some woody tree species. Since the construction of genetic maps using molecular markers requires the development of segregating doubled haploid populations in numerous crop species, we hope that t...
The full texts of Armed Services and othr Boards of Contract Appeals decisions on contracts appeals.
How has the Ontario Agricultural College contributed to Canadian education? What role has the college played in the development of agriculture since it was founded in 1874? This history of Canada's oldest agricultural college revolves around these two questions. It shows that the college's mandate has changed in its attempt to serve both education and agriculture. The Ontario Agricultural College was established to enshrine science in farming, but it also became the testing and extension arm of the provincial ministry of agriculture. Direct government control for ninety years provided financial resources not enjoyed by other post-secondary schools, but the results sometimes proved of greater benefit to agriculture than to education or science. Swept into the University of Guelph when it was created in 1964, the college rethought its role. It emerged as a centre for advanced scientific inquiry, for global agricultural programs, and for understanding rural societies. The controversies surrounding these changes and the evolving nature of agriculture and science are brought out fully in this account of the past century and a quarter.
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Overview of Haploidy.-Pathways to Microspore Embryogenesis.-The Role of Stress in the Induction of Haploid Microspore Embryogenesis.-Microspore Embryo Induction and Development in Higher Plants: Cytological and Ultrastructural Aspects.- Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Haploid Embryogenesis.-Storage Product Metabolism in Microspore-Derived Cultures of Brassicaceae.-Chromosome Doubling and Recovery of Doubled Haploids.-Utilization of Microspore-Derived Embryos.- Haploids in the Improvement of Solanaceous Species.-Haploids in the Improvement of Crucifers.-Haploids in the Improvement of Poaceae.-Haploids in the Improvement of Woody Species.-Haploids in the Improvement of Miscellaneous Crop Species (Cucurbitaceae, Liliaceae, Asparageceae, Chenopodiaceae, Araceae and Umbelliferae).-Haploids in the Improvement of Numbers of the Linaceae and Asteraceae.-Challenges and Limitations to the Use of Haploidy in Crop Improvement
The importance of haploids is well known to geneticists and plant breeders. The discovery of anther-derived haploid Datura plants in 1964 initiated great excitement in the plant breeding and genetics communities as it offered shortcuts in producing highly desirable homozygous plants. Unfortunately, the expected revolution was slow to materialise due to problems in extending methods to other species, including genotypic dependence, recalcitrance, slow development of tissue culture technologies and a lack of knowledge of the underlying processes. Recent years have witnessed great strides in the research and application of haploids in higher plants. After a lull in activities, drivers for the r...
This compilation of lectures was initially presented at the 1991 Plant Science Lecture Series, Iowa State University. The eight scholars featured are key contributors to plant science over the past 50 years.
"But at Cold Spring Harbor, she began the studies on the consequence of dicentric chromosome formation and breakage that led her to the discovery of genetic elements capable moving within the genome and controlling expression of other genes. Although McClintock was universally respected and admired, the first reaction to these findings was often uncomprehending or indifferent, even dismissive. In due course, however, the generality of mobile genetic elements and the concept of a dynamic genome were understood and widely accepted, culminating in the award to McClintock of an unshared Nobel prize in 1983." "As Barbara's 90th birthday approached, some of her many friends and colleagues were invited to write essays for the occasion. This book contains a kaleidoscope of contributions, many by those who discovered transposition in other organisms. Their essays give a remarkable account of the scientific legacy of one of the century's greatest geneticists."--BOOK JACKET.