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This volume includes eleven chapters written by well-known specialists in foreign language teaching and interlanguage pragmatics: K. Bardovi-Harlig, D. Boxer, C. Clennell and S. Nichols, A. Cohen, M. A. Dufon, J. House, H. Kobayashi and C. Rinnert, A.J. Meier, M. P. Safont, P. Salazar, and A. Trosborg. The authors bring together both theoretical and empirical studies dealing with pragmatic competence and its teachability: they review the latest studies carried out in the field, examine issues of developmental pragmatics in the classroom, describe various projects and analyses of different pragmatic aspects, provide evidence of the benefits of explicit teaching of pragmatics, and suggest interesting activities to develop learners' pragmatic knowledge.
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You Talkin' to Me? explores the hidden history of English in New York City -- a history that encompasses social class, immigration, culture, economics, and, of course, real estate. E.J. White illuminates a new dimension of the city's landscape through entertaining stories of New York's most famous characters and cultural institutions, from Broadway to the newsroom.
In the disciplines of applied linguistics and second language acquisition (SLA), the study of pragmatic competence has been driven by several fundamental questions: What does it mean to become pragmatically competent in a second language (L2)? How can we examine pragmatic competence to make inference of its development among L2 learners? In what ways do research findings inform teaching and assessment of pragmatic competence? This book explores these key issues in Japanese as a second/foreign language. The book has three sections. The first section offers a general overview and historical sketch of the study of Japanese pragmatics and its influence on Japanese pedagogy and curriculum. The ov...
The crisis threatens the welfare of about 160 million people in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region who are poor or are just above the poverty line. Using pre-crisis household data along with aggregate macroeconomic outturns to simulate the impact of the crisis on households transmitted via credit market shocks, price shocks, and income shocks this report finds that adverse effects are widespread and that poor and non-poor households alike are vulnerable. By 2010, for the region as a whole, some 11 million more people will likely be in poverty and over 23 million more people will find themselves just above the poverty line because of the crisis. The aggregate results mask the heterogene...
The main aims of this thesis are as follows:(a) To present a comprehensive analysis of the concept of privatisation its origins and limits, (b) To identify the legal and institutional framework for privatisation in different European countries from a comparative perspective; (c) To define and analyse particularly legal issues which arise during the privatisation transactions: e.g. labour law, competition law etc.; (d) To evaluate which features of the successful legal and organisational framework of privatisation have been successful so as to provide guidelines for those individuals and organisations participating in the privatisation exercises.This work found out that there is no simple, in...
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Options for restructuring and privatizing PKS, Poland's main state- owned enterprise for road transport of passengers and general freight.