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Lighthouses of the Universe: The Most Luminous Celestial Objects and Their Use for Cosmology
The book reviews the present status of understanding the nature of the most luminous objects in the Universe, connected with supermassive black holes and supermassive stars, clusters of galaxies and ultraluminous galaxies, sources of gamma-ray bursts and relativistic jets. Leading experts give overviews of essential physical mechanisms involved, discuss formation and evolution of these objects as well as prospects for their use in cosmology, as probes of the intergalactic medium at high redshifts and as a tool to study the end of dark ages. The theoretical models are complemented by new exciting results from orbital and ground-based observatories such as Chandra, XMM-Newton, HST, SDSS, VLT, Keck, and many others.
Adaptive Optics
Adaptive optics is a field which is coming into its own with new discoveries occurring almost daily both in astronomy and in applications of AO in applied fields. In an adaptive optics system, the output from a wavefront sensor is used to calculate corrections that actively remove distortions from an image. The applications of adaptive optics in vision science have received considerable impetus from the knowledge developed by astronomers about how to correct images using AO technology. It is expected that developments in adaptive optics will radically change the face of astronomy in the 21st century. These systems will largely overcome the main limitation of ground-based telescopes, namely t...
New Windows to the Universe
New windows to the universe presents a timely and stimulating exposition of six major areas in astrophysics. Volume one contains the sun and solar like stars, stellar structure and evolution, and, astronomical instrumentation. Volume two contains structure and evolution of galaxies, active galaxies and cosmology, and a section on interstellar and intergalactic medium. Scientists from all over the world met in Tenerife to give their perspective on their area of expertise. The resulting volumes will be of lasting value to the astrophysical community.
Cooling Flows in Clusters and Galaxies
X-ray astronomers discovered the diffuse gas in clusters of galaxies about 20 years ago. It was later realized that the central gas density in some clusters, and in elliptical galaxies, is so high that radiative cooling is a significant energy loss. The cooling time of the gas decreases rapidly towards the centre of the cluster or galaxy and is less than a Hubble time within the innermost few hundred kiloparsecs. This results in a cooling flow in which the gas density rises in order to maintain pressure to support the weight of the overlying gas. The rate at which mass is deposited by the flow is inferred to be several hundreds of solar masses per year in some clusters. The fraction of clust...
Building Galaxies: From The Primordial Universe To The Present, Procs Of The Xixth Rencontres De Moriond
These proceedings provide a summary of the state-of-the-art in the understanding of physical processes which control galaxy formation. Many topics are discussed which present the latest observational results: dust extinction, the role of AGNs in the formation of massive galaxies, etc. How future instruments such as NGST, ALMA, FIRST, KMT and SKAI can help to resolve these questions is also addressed. The book will serve as a useful reference in the field for many years to come.
ESSCIRC '97
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The Evolution of Galaxies
Galaxies have a history. This has become clear from recent sky surveys which have shown that distant galaxies, formed early in the life of the Universe, differ from the nearby ones. New observational windows at ultraviolet, infrared and millimetric wavelengths (provided by ROSAT, IRAM, IUE, IRAS, ISO) have revealed that galaxies contain a wealth of components: very hot gas, atomic hydrogen, molecules, dust, dark matter ... A significant advance is expected due to new instruments (VLT, FIRST, XMM) which will allow one to explore the most distant Universe. Three Euroconferences have been planned to punctuate this new epoch in galactic research, bringing together specialists in various fields of Astronomy.
Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei at all Scales
This book contains a collection of lecture notes written by recognized experts in the field of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). The collection is aimed at providing both an introduction and at the same time an overview of the state-of-the-art of AGN research. This book also addresses the still not entirely understood link of an AGN with its host galaxy and also the related question of the birth and growth of massive black holes in the Universe.
Supernovae: A Survey of Current Research
The theme of the conference held at the Institute of Astronomy in the summer of 1981 was 'Supernovae'. The topic was interpreted very broadly: observations in all wavebands were discussed, along with theories for the explosion mechanism and the light curves; there were papers on supernova remnants and pulsar statistics; other sessions dealt with the use of new techniques for improving supernova searches, and with the importance of supernovae for cosmogonic and cosmological studies. This book contains texts based on all the main review lectures, together with a number of shorter papers which describe new results presented at the conference. The Scientific Organising Committee, responsible for...
