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What happens when manhood suffrage, a radically egalitarian institution, gets introduced into a deeply hierarchical society? In her sweeping history of Imperial Germany's electoral culture, Anderson shows how the sudden opportunity to "practice" democracy in 1867 opened up a free space in the land of Kaisers, generals, and Junkers. Originally designed to make voters susceptible to manipulation by the authorities, the suffrage's unintended consequence was to enmesh its participants in ever more democratic procedures and practices. The result was the growth of an increasingly democratic culture in the decades before 1914. Explicit comparisons with Britain, France, and America give us a vivid p...
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, to give it its full name, owes its origins to the 'Pour le Merite' (Blue Max), an imperial award dating back to 1740. The Complete Knight's Cross volumes tell the story of all 7,364 men who were granted the award (including all the disputed awards). The three volumes have over 200 photos of holders of the medal and over 100 photos of their graves. Volume One deals with 1939-41 (numbers 1-1267) and is subtitled 'The Years of Victory'. Volume Two deals with 1942-43 (numbers 1268-3685) and is subtitled 'The Years of Stalemate'. Volume Three deals with 1944-45 (numbers 3686-7364) and is subtitled 'The Years of Defeat'. The recipients are listed in the order of the date of award. Each entry starts with the recipient's rank and name, followed by details of the action or actions for which they were granted the award. Other interesting facts and stories are also included for many of the awards. Burial locations, where known, are also given. Any higher awards (Oak Leaves, Swords, Diamonds and the ultimate Golden award) are also covered.
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
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Johann Ludwig was born ca. 1770 in the district of Koschmin, province Posen, Prussia, Germany. He was the grandfather and earliest known ancestor of Johann Andreas (Andres or Andrew) Ludwig. Andreas was born 1856 in Wielowies, Kreis Koschmin, province Posen, Prussia, Germany, to Friedrich and Christiane Ludwig. Andreas married Charlotte Reich, the daughter of Christian Reich, ca. 1858. They had 13 children. In 1892 Andreas, his wife and 6 of their children immigrated to Galveston, Texas. Five of their other children later immigrated with their families. Two of their children are believed to have died in Germany. Andreas died in 1912 in Washington County, Texas, and his wife Charlotte died in 1917. Descendants live in Texas, Missouri, Colorado, Oregon, and elsewhere.
These two volumes continue the work of documenting all 2.3 million immigrants from the Russian Empire who arrived in the United States between 1871 & 1910. Several nationalities or ethnic groups were represented in this migration-Poles, Byelorussians, Ukrainians, Jews, Finns, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, & Germans (the socalled Volga Germans). These ethnic Russians emigrated in far greater numbers than indigenous Russians, as reflected in the fact that of the 1.7 million Russian emigrants who arrived in the U.S. between 1899 & 1910, 43 percent were Jews, 27 percent Poles, 9 percent Lithuanians, 8 percent Finns, 5 percent Germans, & 4 percent indigenous Russians. The first four volumes o...