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The Economics of Health Professional Education and Careers
The formation of health professionals is critical for the health system to function and to achieve its universal health coverage (UHC) goals, and this is well recognized by the majority of governments that plan to ensure enough training places and aim to regulate in order to ensure quality. But the importance of market forces is often overlooked, resulting in interventions and regulations that often fail to achieve their intended effects. This publication aims to inform the design of health professionals' education policies to better manage health labor market forces toward UHC. It documents what is known about the influence of market forces on the health-professional formation process. The ...
Trade Therapy
The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has exposed the upsides and downsides ofinternational trade in medical goods and services. Open trade can increase access tomedical services and goods—and the critical inputs needed to manufacture them—improvequality and variety, and reduce costs. However, excessive concentration of production,restrictive trade policies, supply chain disruptions, and regulatory divergence can jeopardizethe ability of public health systems to respond to pandemics and other health crises. TradeTherapy: Deepening Cooperation to Strengthen Pandemic Defenses, coordinated by NadiaRocha and Michele Ruta at the World Bank and Marc Bacchetta and Joscelyn Magdeleineat the World ...
WHO report on global health worker mobility
The report presents two key indicators of estimating health worker mobility as reported by destination countries – the share of the foreign-trained and/or foreign-born health workers. The results presented in this report formulate new thinking around the interlinkages of monitoring Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 3.c.1 on health worker density and distribution and health worker mobility and migration. This report provides the most comprehensive compendium of data on health workforce migration ever published, with data from 134 countries, areas and territories, covering all six WHO regions. This report stipulates [highlights/emphasizes?] the importance of accurately measuring and monitoring health worker mobility – as a lever of influence – in designing, implementing and assessing remedial policies aimed at addressing skills imbalances and future health systems performance development.
The Road to Universal Health Coverage
How can countries chart their own course toward universal health coverage? Like many ambitious global goals, universal health coverage (UHC) remains an aspiration for many countries. The World Health Organization estimates that half the world's population lacks access to basic health services. Moreover, this already staggering number masks inequities that exist between and within countries: gaps between rich and poor, men and women, young and old, and among people of different ethnic backgrounds. UHC promises to give all people greater access to higher quality health services without the fear of financial hardship. But the task of turning this vision into reality poses a significant challeng...
Report on the WHO health workforce support and safeguards list, 2023 update
The Expert Advisory Group on the Relevance and Effectiveness of the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel (the “Code”) was re-convened in 2022 to inform decisions on the update of the Health Workforce Support and Safeguards List (the “list”) published in 2020. The Expert Advisory Group recognized the additional vulnerabilities in health workforce availability and health service coverage in response to the need to maintain essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic, while also exploring possible additional criteria to identify countries requiring further support and safeguards. The Expert Advisory Group took note of the limitations in availability of health workforce data for 2021 and 2022 and the lack of correlation between additional parameters and health workforce and service coverage vulnerability; therefore, its members recommended retaining the density of health workers and the universal health coverage service coverage index as the two criteria for the WHO Health Workforce Support and Safeguards List (consistent with the version published in 2020), with the possibility of revising the thresholds.
Health practitioner regulation: design, reform and implementation guidance
The regulation of health practitioners is an essential strategy to minimize instances of patient harm in health services by enabling access to practitioners who meet minimum criteria for patient safety. Although the models of regulation vary, regulatory functions include the following: defining and enforcing education standards; defining the minimum levels for competence and conduct of health practitioners; investigating complaints and enforcing discipline; and informing the public about regulated practitioners. Health practitioner regulation also has the potential to advance other health system priorities and objectives, such as workforce availability, equitable distribution and improved performance. This guidance aims to inform the design, reform and implementation of health practitioner regulation and to strengthen regulatory systems and institutions. It highlights the contemporary issues in health practitioner regulation, discusses challenges in implementing regulatory policies and articulates policy considerations for the design, reform and implementation of regulation. Finally, it highlights evidence gaps and identifies a research agenda.
Strengthening the collection, analysis and use of health workforce data and information
This handbook is an essential resource which brings into focus key advances, challenges and lessons learned in strengthening human resources for health (HRH) data and evidence as a strategic objective of implementing the Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030, the recommendations of the United Nations Secretary-General High-level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, and in the achievement of the WHO Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023 (GPW 13) targets, for a measurable impact on population health and development. Divided into three parts, the handbook presents the complementarity between WHO Health Labour Market Analysis Guidebook and WHO ...
Health care accreditation and quality of care
Accreditation of health care facilities or organizations is a frequently applied intervention to improve quality of care. However, the evidence of its effectiveness is mixed, and its impact on wider health system goals is frequently unclear. This discussion paper explores its use globally as a health care quality intervention. The paper uses a broad evidence base of accreditation, quality interventions and health systems research, combined with global interdisciplinary experience and expertise, and outlines the linkages between accreditation and other key attributes of the health system. Using a health systems lens, the paper discusses strategic questions that a health system decision-maker might consider when deliberating accreditation or similar interventions. This paper is aimed at health system leaders looking to improve quality of care and wishing to understand how accreditation can impact on the wider health system and quality landscape. The audience also includes any organization wishing to further its understanding about the value and application of quality interventions.
